ArticleBrain and behavior2025
Unveiling Risk Profiles: A Latent Profile Analysis of 21st-Century Skills, Resistance to Change, and Cognitive Flexibility.
Article in Brain and behavior, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- From social media addiction to information literacy: unravelling the underlying mechanism of critical thinking and cognitive flexibility.BMC psychology · 2026Article
- The relationship between teachers' cognitive flexibility and perceptions of curriculum change: the mediating role of innovative behavior.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesLimited research utilized a person-centered approach in examining 21st-century skills. This study used latent profile analysis to explore the relationships between resistance to change, cognitive flexibility, and 21st-century skills, including creativity, cooperativity, critical thinking, communication, and problem-solving. MATERIALS AND
methodsA convenience sampling approach was used to recruit 502 individuals (342 females; mean
resultsThe results showed that creativity, cooperativity, critical thinking, communication, problem-solving, and resistance to change were determined as profile indicators. The cognitive flexibility of the subclasses was also predicted. Furthermore, the results revealed four distinct profiles: (i) average level across all skills (5.8%); (ii) low risk for most skills, moderate for cooperativity (18.1%); (iii) high risk for all skills (55.2%); and (iv) moderate risk for most skills, moderate for cooperativity (20.9%).
conclusionsThe study highlights the importance of cognitive flexibility in identifying risk profiles. Using mixture modeling provides a fresh perspective for researchers, potentially aiding in targeted interventions for at-risk university students to enhance their 21st-century skills.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.