Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39777911›Full record

ArticleCurrent protocols2025

Genetically Engineered and Implantable Mouse Brain Tumor Models: Characterization by Immunohistochemistry and Flow Cytometry.

Apoorva Mirji, Gurveer Singh, Anzar A Mujeeb, Brandon L McClellan, YingXiang Li, Makayla Perez, Maria G Castro

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Current protocols, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Apoorva MirjiDepartment of Neurosurgery, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
Gurveer SinghDepartment of Neurosurgery, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
Anzar A MujeebDepartment of Neurosurgery, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
Brandon L McClellanDepartment of Neurosurgery, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
YingXiang LiDepartment of Neurosurgery, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
Makayla PerezDepartment of Neurosurgery, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
Maria G CastroDepartment of Neurosurgery, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2237-2756

Funding

Oligodendrocyte-focused rAAV gene therapy strategies for Canavan disease and LeukodystrophiesR01NS076991 · NINDS · UNIV OF MASSACHUSETTS MED SCH WORCESTER · PI Guangping Gao · 2012 to 2026
$5.7M
Immune-suppressive Myeloid Cells in the Glioma Microenvironment: Signaling Mechanisms and Novel Therapeutic StrategiesR37NS094804 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · PI CASTRO, MARIA G · 2015 to 2021
$2.9M
Systemic Delivery of Targeted Bi-Compartmental Nanoparticles for Glioblastoma Therapeutics (Supplement)R01NS124167 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · PI Maria G Castro, JOERG LAHANN · 2022 to 2026
$2.6M
Novel nano-vaccine technology for inducing immunity against gliomasR01NS122536 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · PI CASTRO, MARIA G, MOON, JAMES J. · 2021 to 2025
$2.6M
Uncover the role of H3.3-G343R mutation in shaping the DNA damage response, anti-tumor immunity and mechanisms of resistance in glioma.R01NS122165 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · PI Maria G Castro · 2022 to 2026
$2.5M
The Role of Collagen and its Signaling Mechanisms in Glioma Progression and Invasion.R01NS122234 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · PI Pedro R. Lowenstein · 2022 to 2026
$2.4M
Neuroimmunology of Malignant Brain Tumors: Innate MechanismsR01NS096756 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · PI LOWENSTEIN, PEDRO R. · 2016 to 2020
$2.1M
Interactions between the tumor cells and the neuro-immune microenvironment in mutant IDH1 gliomas: implications for therapeuticsR01NS105556 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · PI CASTRO, MARIA G · 2018 to 2021
$1.9M
Role of the collagen receptor LAIR-1 in glioma progression and the tumor immune microenvironmentR01NS127378 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · PI Pedro R. Lowenstein · 2022 to 2026
$1.8M
Mechanisms of glioma growth and invasion novel therapeutic strategiesR01NS082311 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · PI LOWENSTEIN, PEDRO R. · 2013 to 2017
$1.7M
Tuning Biomaterials-immune cell interactions for treatment of glioblastoma multiformeR01EB022563 · NIBIB · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · PI MOON, JAMES J. · 2016 to 2019
$1.7M
Chemo-immunotherapy strategy for pediatric high grade gliomaR21NS123879 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · PI CASTRO, MARIA G, SCHWENDEMAN, ANNA · 2021 to 2021
$429k
NIBIB NIH HHS R01 EB022563NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS076991NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS082311NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS096756NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS105556NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS122165NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS122234NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS122536NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS124167NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS127378NINDS NIH HHS R21 NS123879NINDS NIH HHS R37 NS094804
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Gliomas are aggressive tumors with a poor prognosis. The protocols presented here outline the methods used to study tumor progression, the tumor microenvironment (TME), and the effects of experimental treatments. The Sleeping Beauty (SB) transposase system induces tumors de novo to generate mouse models that recapitulate human gliomas. Plasmids are constructed with oncogenic drivers and other genetic alterations of interest. which are recognized by their unique position in between inverted/direct repeat (IR/DR) sequences. Luciferase enzyme is used to monitor the uptake of the plasmid, tumor growth, and response to experimental therapies. The genes of interest are tracked using fluorescent markers. Tumors will arise in immunocompetent hosts, which provides a relevant preclinical platform for analysis of tumor initiation, progression, survival, immune microenvironment, and histopathological features. Once the tumor grows within the desired brain location, it can be harvested to generate cell cultures of neurospheres for future experimentation. The benefit of implantable models generated from SB tumors is that they provide specific anatomical and genetic context, in which specific genetic characteristics can be tracked, as they are co-expressed with fluorescent markers. Post glioma cell implantation, additional analysis of the TME and tumor growth can be performed through immunohistochemistry (IHC) and flow cytometry. © 2025 Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: Creation of mouse glioma models by Sleeping-Beauty-mediated transposition Basic Protocol 2: Generation of orthotopic implantable brain tumors and neurospheres Basic Protocol 3: Hematoxylin and eosin staining of glioma tissue samples Basic Protocol 4: Immunohistochemistry of glioma tissue samples Basic Protocol 5: Flow cytometry for immune cell analysis of the tumor microenvironment.

Indexed as

Brain NeoplasmsDisease Models, AnimalFlow CytometryGenetic EngineeringGliomaImmunohistochemistryTumor MicroenvironmentAnimalsHumansMiceTransposasesTransposasesflow cytometrygenetically engineered mouse modelsGliomasimmune microenvironmentimmunohistochemistrypreclinical model

Identifiers

PMID39777911
PMCPMC11731892

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.