Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39777537›Full record

ArticleNaunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology2025

Molecular and genetic analysis of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in a tertiary care hospital in Saudi Arabia.

Mohd Saleem, Irfan Ahmad, Alharbi Mohammed Salem, Sumayyah Mohammad Almarshedy, Soha Abdallah Moursi, Azharuddin Sajid Syed Khaja, Ehab Rakha, Asim Azhar, Metab Nasser Ashammari, Homoud Almalaq and 2 more

Abstract read
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Global prevalence of macrolide-resistantFrontiers in microbiology · 2025
    Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Emergence of livestock-associated MRSA in the Egyptian Nile Delta that carry the exfoliative toxin gene etA: a case for enhanced surveillance.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2025
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Mohd SaleemDepartment of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia.
Irfan AhmadDepartment of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.
Alharbi Mohammed SalemDepartment of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia.
Sumayyah Mohammad AlmarshedyDepartment of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia.
Soha Abdallah MoursiDepartment of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia.
Azharuddin Sajid Syed KhajaDepartment of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia.
Ehab RakhaLaboratory Department, King Khalid Hospital, Hail, Saudi Arabia.
Asim AzharNAP Lifesciences, Evershine City, Vasai East, Maharashtra, 401208, India.
Metab Nasser AshammariDepartment of Infection Control, King Khalid Hospital, Hail, Saudi Arabia.
Homoud AlmalaqDepartment of Medical Supplies, Hail Health Cluster, Hail, Saudi Arabia.
Kareemah AlshurtanDepartment of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia.
Mohd Shahid KhanDepartment of Microbiology, Hind Institute of Medical Sciences, Mau, Ataria, Sitapur, Uttar Pradesh, India, 261303. shahid89research@gmail.com.

Funding

Scientific Research Deanship at the University of Ha'il, Saudi Arabia project number RG-23 246
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) continues to pose significant challenges in healthcare settings due to its multi-drug resistance (MDR) and virulence. This retrospective study examines the molecular and resistance profiles of MRSA isolates from a tertiary care hospital in Saudi Arabia, providing valuable insights into regional epidemiology. A total of 190 MRSA strains were analysed to assess antimicrobial susceptibility, genetic diversity, and virulence factors. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was conducted according to CLSI guidelines, while molecular characterization involved spa typing, SCCmec typing, and DNA microarray analysis to determine clonal complexes (CCs), resistance genes, and virulence determinants. The isolates showed extensive resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics, with 78% classified as MDR. Notably, resistance to fusidic acid and ciprofloxacin was detected in 70% and 55% of isolates, respectively. The most prevalent clonal complexes-CC5, CC6, and CC22-comprised over 60% of the isolates and exhibited diverse spa types. The Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) gene, linked to heightened virulence, was identified in approximately 20% of isolates, particularly within CC5, CC30, and CC80. Enterotoxin genes (sea and seb) and immune evasion genes (sak, chp, and scn) were also commonly detected, reflecting the isolates' capacity to adapt and persist within the hospital environment. These findings underscore the high burden of MDR MRSA with considerable genetic diversity and virulence potential. The study highlights the urgent need for strengthened molecular surveillance and targeted infection control measures to limit MRSA transmission and effectively manage infection risks in healthcare facilities.

Indexed as

Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureusStaphylococcal InfectionsAnti-Bacterial AgentsDrug Resistance, Multiple, BacterialHumansMicrobial Sensitivity TestsRetrospective StudiesSaudi ArabiaTertiary Care CentersVirulenceVirulence FactorsAnti-Bacterial AgentsVirulence FactorsClonal complexesMethicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureusMulti-drug resistanceTertiary care hospitalVirulence factors

Identifiers

PMID39777537

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.