Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39776217›Full record

ArticleInternational forum of allergy & rhinology2025

Biodiversity of the Bacterial and Fungal Microbiome and Associated Inflammatory Cytokine Profile in Chronic Rhinosinusitis.

Hong-Ho Yang, Carra A Simpson, Meera Srivastava, Alakesh Bera, Monica Cappelletti, Jeffrey D Suh, Marilene B Wang, Daniel M Beswick, Tom Maxim, Saroj K Basak and 4 more

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Article in International forum of allergy & rhinology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

Hong-Ho YangDepartment of Head and Neck Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-2032-3141
Carra A SimpsonVatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Meera SrivastavaDepartment of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, Institute for Molecular Medicine, Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences School of Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Alakesh BeraSurgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Monica CappellettiDepartment of Pathology and Lab Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Jeffrey D SuhDepartment of Head and Neck Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Marilene B WangDepartment of Head and Neck Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Daniel M BeswickDepartment of Head and Neck Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-8612-5442
Tom MaximDepartment of Head and Neck Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Saroj K BasakDepartment of Surgery, Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Eri S SrivatsanDepartment of Surgery, Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Jakob L FischerDepartment of Head and Neck Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Jonathan P JacobsVatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Jivianne T LeeDepartment of Head and Neck Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundDysbiosis of the bacterial and fungal microbiome has been increasingly implicated in the pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). This study explores the relationship between microbiome and mycobiome biodiversity and type 2 (T2) versus non-type 2 (NT2) inflammation.

methodsMucosal tissues from the ethmoid sinus were collected during endoscopic sinus (CRS) and skull base (controls) surgery between January 2020 and July 2021. Specimens underwent 16S rRNA (bacterial) and internal transcribed spacer (fungal) gene sequencing, along with cytokine analysis using the Luminex assay. Based on cytokine (IL-4, IL-5, IL-13) concentrations and the presence of eosinophils, CRS cases were classified into T2 or NT2 inflammatory profiles. The relationships between CRS endotype and the biodiversity of the microbiome and mycobiome were assessed.

resultsSpecimens from 92 patients (30 control, 31 CRSwNP, 31 CRSsNP) were included in the analyses. Among 62 CRS cases, 20 exhibited T2 inflammation and 42 exhibited NT2 inflammation. Compared with control specimens, NT2 specimens exhibited significantly lower amplicon sequence variants (mean difference -149, 95% CI [-261, -37], p = 0.007), Shannon index (-0.48 [-0.79, -0.16], p = 0.002), and Simpson index (-0.003 [-0.005, -0.001], p = 0.002) for bacterial alpha diversity. However, no significant differences in bacterial alpha diversity were observed between T2 specimens and controls, or between T2 and NT2 specimens. Fungal biodiversity did not differ significantly across endotype and control groups.

conclusionDysbiosis of the sinus bacterial microbiome is more strongly associated with a NT2-mediated inflammatory profile than with a T2-mediated inflammatory profile.

Indexed as

CytokinesMicrobiotaMycobiomeRhinitisSinusitisAdultAgedBacteriaBiodiversityChronic DiseaseDysbiosisFemaleFungiHumansInflammationMaleCytokinesRNA, Ribosomal, 16Sbacteriacytokinefungiinflammationmicrobiotarhinosinusitis

Identifiers

PMID39776217
PMCPMC12048767

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.