Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39775778›Full record

ArticleThe International journal of eating disorders2025

Clinical Outcomes in a Large Sample of Youth and Adult Patients Receiving Virtual Evidence-Based Treatment for ARFID: A Naturalistic Study.

Megan Hellner, Kelly Cai, Dave Freestone, Jessica H Baker, Jessie Menzel, Dori M Steinberg

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in The International journal of eating disorders, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
12citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

12 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Trial
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  10. Review
  11. Dietetic-Led Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for ARFID: A Novel Approach to Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder With Case Studies.Journal of human nutrition and dietetics : the official journal of the British Dietetic Association · 2025
    Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Megan HellnerResearch, Equip Health Inc, Carlsbad, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-3407-023X
Kelly CaiResearch, Equip Health Inc, Carlsbad, USA.ORCID 0009-0008-6853-9543
Dave FreestoneResearch, Equip Health Inc, Carlsbad, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-4914-0226
Jessica H BakerResearch, Equip Health Inc, Carlsbad, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-3997-2398
Jessie MenzelResearch, Equip Health Inc, Carlsbad, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-4294-2680
Dori M SteinbergResearch, Equip Health Inc, Carlsbad, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-7588-4216

Funding

Equip Health, Inc.
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveTreatment outcomes research for avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) has been limited to small, mixed-age feasibility trials in face-to-face care settings. This study aims to examine clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes in a large sample of youth and adult patients receiving virtual multidisciplinary team treatment for ARFID.

methodThe sample included N = 783 patients (532 youth and 251 adults) diagnosed with ARFID. Patients received cognitive behavioral therapy for ARFID (CBT-AR) or family-based treatment for ARFID (FBT-ARFID) enhanced by specialized support from a multidisciplinary team. Patients (or caregivers) completed a number of measures assessing ARFID and mood-related symptoms upon admission and throughout treatment.

resultsYouth patients on weight restoration (56%) started treatment around 85% [84%, 86%] of their target weight, and increased to 94% [93%, 96%] by week 35. Adults on weight restoration (47%) started at 85% [84%, 87%] and reached 92% [90%, 94%]. Scores improved for both groups on all PARDI-AR-Q subscales: (sensory sensitivity: b = -0.25 [-0.33, -0.16]; lack of interest: b = -0.08 [-0.16, -0.00]; fear of aversive consequences: b = -0.12 [-0.19, -0.04]). Both youth and adults demonstrated reliable improvements in willingness to try new foods (b = -0.64 [-0.89, -0.37]), anxiety symptoms (b = -0.71 [-0.95, -0.48]), and depression symptoms (b = -0.86 [-1.07, -0.64]). DISCUSSION: Youth and adult patients demonstrated reliable symptom improvements over the course of treatment across all measures, offering preliminary support for the effectiveness of FBT-ARFID and CBT-AR delivered virtually by a multidisciplinary care team.

Indexed as

Avoidant Restrictive Food Intake DisorderCognitive Behavioral TherapyFamily TherapyAdolescentAdultFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedTreatment OutcomeYoung Adultavoidant restrictive food intake disorderCBT‐ARchildren and adolescentsFBT‐ARFIDfeeding disorderspicky eatingtreatment outcomesvirtual treatment

Identifiers

PMID39775778
PMCPMC11969026

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.