Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39775377›Full record

SynthesisCurrent pain and headache reports2025

Structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Post-Traumatic Headache: A Systematic Review.

Rune H Christensen, Haidar M Al-Khazali, Afrim Iljazi, Edina Szabo, Håkan Ashina

Abstract readSystematic Review
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Current pain and headache reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Rune H ChristensenDepartment of Neurology, Danish Headache Center, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Valdemar Hansens Vej 5, Entrance 1A, 2600 Glostrup, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Haidar M Al-KhazaliDepartment of Neurology, Danish Headache Center, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Valdemar Hansens Vej 5, Entrance 1A, 2600 Glostrup, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Afrim IljaziDepartment of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Edina SzaboDepartment of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.
Håkan AshinaDepartment of Neurology, Danish Headache Center, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Valdemar Hansens Vej 5, Entrance 1A, 2600 Glostrup, Copenhagen, Denmark. haakan.ashina@regionh.dk.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purpose of reviewTo evaluate the available studies on structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of post-traumatic headache (PTH). RECENT

findingsA systematic search of PubMed and Embase databases (from inception to February 1, 2024) identified nine relevant structural MRI studies. These studies included adult participants diagnosed with acute or persistent PTH in adherence with any edition of the International Classification of Headache Disorders. Eight studies focused on PTH attributed to mild traumatic brain injury (TBI), while one examined PTH after whiplash injury. The comparison groups consisted of healthy individuals, people with mild TBI (without PTH), and/or individuals with migraine. The eligible studies assessed brain morphometry (n = 7), both cortical morphometry and diffusion tensor imaging (n = 1), or used structural brain images for machine learning (n = 1). The main findings indicated alterations in brain regions involved in affective pain processing and cognitive functions. However, the results were largely incongruent, likely due to small sample sizes and methodologic issues. Structural MRI has shown alterations in the brains of people with PTH, particularly in regions responsible for affective pain processing, cognitive control, and visual processing. These findings align well with the clinical features commonly observed in PTH. Nevertheless, most findings were inconsistent across studies, highlighting the need for methodologic standardization and investigations with larger sample sizes.

Indexed as

Magnetic Resonance ImagingPost-Traumatic HeadacheBrainHumansHeadache DisordersMagnetic Resonance ImagingNeuroimagingTraumatic Brain InjuryWhiplash Injury

Identifiers

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.