ArticlePloS one2025
The Bimanual Observation of The Hands (BOTH): Development, reliability, and validity for stroke rehabilitation.
Article in PloS one, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
importanceTo efficiently perform bimanual daily tasks, bimanual coordination is needed. Bimanual coordination is the interaction between an individual's hands, which may be impaired post-stroke, however clinical and functional assessments are lacking and research is limited.
objectivesTo develop a valid and reliable observation tool to assess bimanual coordination of individuals post-stroke.
designA cross-sectional study.
settingRehabilitation settings.
participantsOccupational therapists (OTs) with stroke rehabilitation experience and individuals post stroke. OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: The development and content validity of BOTH included a literature review, review of existing tools and followed a 10-step process. The conceptual and operational definitions of bimanual coordination were defined as well as scoring criteria. Then multiple rounds of feedback from expert OTs were performed. OTs reviewed BOTH using the 'Template for assessing content validity through expert judgement' questionnaire. Then, BOTH was administered to 51 participants post-stroke. Cronbach's alpha was used to verify internal reliability of BOTH and construct validity of BOTH was assessed by correlating it to the bimanual subtests of The Purdue Pegboard Test.
resultsExpert validity was established in two-rounds with 11 OTs. Cronbach's alpha was α = 0.923 for the asymmetrical items, 0.897 for the symmetrical items and 0.949 for all eight items. The item-total correlations of BOTH were also strong and significant. The total score of BOTH was strongly significantly correlated with The Purdue-Both hands placement (r = .787, p < .001) and Assembly (r = .730, p < .001) subtests. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: BOTH is a new observation tool to assess bimanual coordination post-stroke. Expert validity of BOTH was established, excellent internal reliability and construct validity were demonstrated. Further research is needed, so in the future, BOTH can be used for clinical and research purposes to address bimanual coordination post-stroke.
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