ReviewDiscover oncology2025
Spatial heterogeneity of the hepatocellular carcinoma microenvironment determines the efficacy of immunotherapy.
Review in Discover oncology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Spatiotemporal heterogeneity of neutrophil extracellular traps in hepatocellular carcinoma microenvironment and targeted therapy progress.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Review
- Macrophage-derived extracellular vesicles in the remodeling of the prostate cancer immune microenvironment and therapeutic resistance.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Review
- Development of a G2/M checkpoint subtype classifier for guiding precision therapy in liver hepatocellular carcinoma patients.Cancer cell international · 2026Article
- Immunotherapy in hepatocellular carcinoma: translating mechanistic insights into clinical advances.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2026Review
- Tumor Microenvironment Onmyoji: Cytokines with Dual Protumor and Antitumor Roles.Cancer communications (London, England) · 2026Review
- Noninvasive prediction of Glypican-3 expression in hepatocellular carcinoma using Habitat-based and peritumoral CT radiomics: a nomogram approach.Cancer imaging : the official publication of the International Cancer Imaging Society · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains a global health challenge owing to its widespread incidence and high mortality. HCC has a specific immune tolerance function because of its unique physiological structure, which limits the efficacy of chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and molecular targeting. In recent years, new immune approaches, including adoptive cell therapy, tumor vaccines, and oncolytic virus therapy, have shown great potential. As the efficacy of immunotherapy mainly depends on the spatial heterogeneity of the tumor immune microenvironment, it is necessary to elucidate the crosstalk between the composition of the liver cancer immune environment, from which potential therapeutic targets can be selected to provide more appropriate individualized treatment programs. The role of spatial heterogeneity of immune cells in the microenvironment of HCC in the progression and influence of immunotherapy on improving the treatment and prognosis of HCC were comprehensively analyzed, providing new inspiration for the subsequent clinical treatment of liver cancer.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.