Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39775177›Full record

ArticleHead and neck pathology2025

The Impact of Lesion-Specific and Sampling-Related Factors on Success of Salivary Gland Fine-Needle Aspiration Cytology.

Marcel Mayer, Mohammad Marwan Alfarra, Kathrin Möllenhoff, Marianne Engels, Christoph Arolt, Alexander Quaas, Philipp Wolber, Louis Jansen, Lisa Nachtsheim, Maria Grosheva and 2 more

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Article in Head and neck pathology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Limitations of FNAC in detecting parotid malignancies: insights from a surgical cohort using the updated Milan System.European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery · 2026
    Article
  2. Limitations of FNAC in detecting parotid malignancies: insights from a surgical cohort using the updated Milan System.European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery · 2026
    Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Marcel MayerDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany. marcel.mayer@uk-koeln.de.
Mohammad Marwan AlfarraDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
Kathrin MöllenhoffInstitute of Medical Statistics and Computational Biology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
Marianne EngelsMedical Faculty, Institute of Pathology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
Christoph AroltMedical Faculty, Institute of Pathology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
Alexander QuaasMedical Faculty, Institute of Pathology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
Philipp WolberDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
Louis JansenDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
Lisa NachtsheimDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
Maria GroshevaDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
Jens Peter KlussmannDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
Sami ShabliDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.

Funding

Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft,Germany 539250008
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeUltrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is a widely used diagnostic procedure which facilitates the differentiation of salivary gland lesions. Although the performance of salivary gland FNAC (SG-FNAC) has improved since the introduction of the Milan System for Reporting Salivary Gland Cytopathology (MSRSGC), the range of the reported performance is still wide. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine lesion- and sampling-related factors that influence the success of SG-FNAC.

methodsAll SG-FNAC cases performed in a tertiary referral hospital between September 1st, 2011, and August 31st, 2022, were retrospectively identified. Demographic, histopathological, lesion-specific, and sampling-related data were retrieved from the clinical charts. Cytopathological reports were categorized according to the MSRSGC. The risk of malignancy (ROM), the performance measures, and factors influencing the success of SG-FNAC were calculated.

resultsOverall, 1289 cases with histopathological follow-up diagnosis (out of 1952 SG-FNACs) were included. The ROM was: non-diagnostic = 23.9%, non-neoplastic = 4.4%, atypia of undetermined significance (AUS) = 34.5%, neoplasm-benign = 1.0%, neoplasm-salivary gland neoplasm of uncertain malignant potential (SUMP) = 15.3%, suspicious for malignancy = 74.1%, malignant = 96.2%. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive, and negative predictive value for differentiating benign from malignant lesions (excluding lesions categorized as AUS and SUMP) were 87.5%, 97.7%, 96.3%, 85.0%, and 98.1%, respectively. A larger lesion size (OR (95% CI) = 1.21 (1.06-1.39), p = 0.004), a higher number of obtained slides (OR (95% CI) = 1.31 (1.17-1.46), p < 0.001), and the physician performing the FNAC (p = 0.047) were independent predictors for a higher success, while localization of the lesion within the submandibular compared to the parotid gland (OR (95% CI) = 0.38 (0.19-0.77), p = 0.008) was an independent predictor for lower success of SG-FNAC.

conclusionThis is the largest single-center study evaluating SG-FNAC performance to date. It identified independent lesion-and sampling-related factors influencing the success of SG-FNAC. Knowledge of those can improve performance of the procedure.

Indexed as

Salivary Gland NeoplasmsAdolescentAdultAgedAged, 80 and overBiopsy, Fine-NeedleChildChild, PreschoolFemaleHumansImage-Guided BiopsyMaleMiddle AgedRetrospective StudiesSalivary GlandsYoung AdultCytologyFine-needle aspiration cytologyHead and neck carcinomaMilan system for reporting salivary gland cytopathologySalivary gland carcinomaSonography

Identifiers

PMID39775177
PMCPMC11707220

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.