ArticleMedical microbiology and immunology2025
Dissemination of arr-2 and arr-3 is associated with class 1 integrons in Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolates from Portugal.
Article in Medical microbiology and immunology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Emergence of carbapenem-resistant putative hypervirulentEmerging microbes & infections · 2026Article
- Prevalence, Clonal Context, and Clinical Correlates of Arr inInfection and drug resistance · 2026Article
- Global phylogeography and genomic characterization ofmSystems · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors.
Funding
Abstract
\nKlebsiella pneumoniae is a common pathogen of healthcare-associated infections expressing a plethora of antimicrobial resistance loci, including ADP-ribosyltransferase coding genes (arr), able to mediate rifampicin resistance. The latter has activity against a broad range of microorganisms by inhibiting DNA-dependent RNA polymerases. This study aims to characterise the arr distribution and genetic context in 138 clinical isolates of K. pneumoniae and correlate these with rifampicin resistance. All isolates were subjected to whole-genome sequencing for species identification, typing and AMR genes identification, along with the determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of rifampicin. Molecular detection of arr genes and class 1 integrons was performed for rifampicin-resistant isolates. Efflux activity was investigated as a possible determinant of rifampicin resistance in isolates devoid of known genetic determinants. Twelve isolates exhibited high rifampicin MICs (≥ 64 mg/L), 124 showed intermediate MICs (16-32 mg/L) and two displayed low (8 mg/L) MICs. Two arr allelic variants, arr-2 and arr-3, were found across one and nine K. pneumoniae isolates, respectively, all within class 1 integrons, including a newly described integron, and all associated with high rifampicin MICs (≥ 64 mg/L). Elevated resistance levels were additionally linked to increased arr-2/3 expression and closer proximity to the promoter. No arr gene or rpoB mutations were found across the remaining two isolates and no correlation between efflux activity and high-level rifampicin resistance was found for both isolates. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that arr genes confer high levels of rifampicin resistance in K. pneumoniae highlighting its widespread dissemination within class 1 integrons.
Indexed as
Identifiers
39775075What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.