Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39773648›Full record

ArticleAnti-cancer drugs2025

A dual thermo/pH-sensitive hydrogel as 5-Fluorouracil carrier for breast cancer treatment.

Kairan Luo, Wenbin Hu

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Anti-cancer drugs, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
7citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

7 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Review
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Dynamic Hydrogels in Breast Tumor Models.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025
    Review
  7. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Kairan LuoDepartment of Anorectal Surgery.
Wenbin HuDepartment of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Shaoxing University, The Shaoxing Municipal Hospital, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China.

Funding

Shaoxing Municipal Medical and Health Science and Technology Plan Project 2020A13059
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Intelligent hydrogels are promising in constructing scaffolds for the controlled delivery of drugs. Here, a dual thermo- and pH-responsive hydrogel called PCG [poly ( N -isopropyl acrylamide-co-itaconic acid)/chitosan/glycerophosphate (PNI/CS/GP)] was established as the carrier of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) treatment. The PCG hydrogel was fabricated by blending synthesized [poly ( N -isopropyl acrylamide-co-itaconic acid), pNIAAm-co-IA, PNI] with CS in the presence of GP as a crosslinking agent. The interaction between PCG hydrogel compositions was characterized by Fourier transforms infrared, NMR spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The PCG hydrogel presented an interconnected and porous structure with similar pore size, rapid swelling/deswelling rate in response to both temperature and pH change, and biocompatibility, upon which it was proposed as a great drug carrier. 5-FU had a dual thermo- and pH-responsive controlled release behavior from the PCG hydrogel and displayed an accelerated release rate in an acidic pH environment than in a neutral pH condition. The application of 5-FU-loaded PCG hydrogel exhibited a more promoted anticancer activity than 5-FU against the growth of TNBC cells both in vitro and in vivo . The outcomes suggested that the PCG hydrogel could be an excellent platform for local drug-delivery systems in the clinical therapy of TNBC.

Indexed as

Antimetabolites, AntineoplasticDrug CarriersFluorouracilHydrogelsTriple Negative Breast NeoplasmsAnimalsCell Line, TumorChitosanDrug LiberationFemaleHumansHydrogen-Ion ConcentrationMiceMice, Inbred BALB CMice, NudeTemperatureAntimetabolites, AntineoplasticChitosanDrug CarriersFluorouracilHydrogels

Identifiers

PMID39773648
PMCPMC11781559

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.