ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2025
PKM2 controls cochlear development through lactate-dependent transcriptional regulation.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed.
- BMP4 cocktail promotes utricular progenitor reprogramming and vestibular functional recovery in adult mice.Journal of advanced research · 2026Article
- Uhrf1-Mediated PKM2 Degradation via Ubiquitination Alleviates Inflammation and Pyroptosis in Inflammatory Bowel Disease.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Transcriptomic profiling of inner ear hair cell spontaneous regeneration reveals the key role of dlx5a.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Protein lactylation in health and diseases: molecular mechanisms, biological significance, and clinical implications.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- A Novel Approach to Neuropathic Pain Treatment: Lactylation Targeting Microglia.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Review
- The Impact of Pcdh15 Deficiency on Cellular Energy Metabolism and Oxidative Stress, and Its Role and Mechanism in Hearing Loss.Clinical and experimental otorhinolaryngology · 2026Article
- Bioprinting in Tissue Repair and Its ENT Applications.Polymers · 2026Review
- Lactylation in tissue fibrosis: epigenetic mechanisms, metabolic crosstalk, and therapeutic opportunities.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Review
- Glycolysis enzymes and cellular lactylation in tumour.Clinical and translational medicine · 2026Review
- Mechanisms of Macrophage Glycolytic Reprogramming and Interventional Effects of Traditional Chinese Medicine on Renal Fibrosis.International journal of general medicine · 2026Review
- The deubiquitinating enzyme UCHL3 promotes bladder cancer progression and glycolysis through enhancing PKM2 protein stability.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
- Inner Ear Organoid as a Preclinical Model of Hearing Regeneration: Progress and Applications.Stem cell reviews and reports · 2025Review
- Review
- The Notch ligand Jagged1 plays a dual role in cochlear hair cell regeneration.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Histone and non-histone lactylation: molecular mechanisms, biological functions, diseases, and therapeutic targets.Molecular biomedicine · 2025Review
- Epigenetic Modifications in Sensorineural Hearing Loss: Protective Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential.Current medical science · 2025Review
- Aerobic glycolysis and lactate regulate histone H3K18Lactylation occupancy to fine-tune gene expression in developing and mature retina.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- PKM2 orchestrates tumor progression via metabolic reprogramming and MDSCs-mediated immune suppression in the tumor microenvironment.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Understanding the role of metabolic processes during inner ear development is essential for identifying targets for hair cell (HC) regeneration, as metabolic choices play a crucial role in cell proliferation and differentiation. Among the metabolic processes, growing evidence shows that glucose metabolism is closely related to organ development. However, the role of glucose metabolism in mammalian inner ear development and HC regeneration remains unclear. In this study, we found that glycolytic metabolism is highly active during mouse and human cochlear prosensory epithelium expansion. Using mouse cochlear organoids, we revealed that glycolytic activity in cochlear nonsensory epithelial cells was predominantly dominated by pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2). Deletion of PKM2 induced a metabolic switch from glycolysis to oxidative phosphorylation, impairing cochlear organoid formation. Furthermore, conditional loss of PKM2 in cochlear progenitors hindered sensory epithelium morphogenesis, as demonstrated in PKM2 knockout mice. Mechanistically, pyruvate is generated by PKM2 catalysis and then converted into lactate, which then lactylates histone H3, regulating the transcription of key genes for cochlear development. Specifically, accumulated lactate causes histone H3 lactylation at lysine 9 (H3K9la), upregulating the expression of
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.