Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39772742›Full record

ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2025

Monofluorinated acetal electrolyte for high-performance lithium metal batteries.

Elizabeth Zhang, Yuelang Chen, John Holoubek, Zhiao Yu, Wenbo Zhang, Hao Lyu, Il Rok Choi, Sang Cheol Kim, Chad Serrao, Yi Cui and 1 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Elizabeth Zhang *Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305.ORCID 0000-0002-1117-8635
Yuelang Chen *Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305.ORCID 0000-0002-5249-0596
John HoloubekDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305.ORCID 0000-0003-0015-4512
Zhiao YuDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305.ORCID 0000-0001-8746-1640
Wenbo ZhangDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305.ORCID 0000-0002-0828-594X
Hao LyuDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305.ORCID 0000-0001-7393-2456
Il Rok ChoiDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305.ORCID 0000-0001-5426-2434
Sang Cheol KimDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305.
Chad SerraoDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305.
Yi CuiDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305.
Zhenan BaoDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305.ORCID 0000-0002-0972-1715

Funding

National Science Foundation (NSF) ECCS-2026822NSF | National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship Program (GRFP) DGE-2146755
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

High degree of fluorination for ether electrolytes has resulted in improved cycling stability of lithium metal batteries due to stable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) formation and good oxidative stability. However, the sluggish ion transport and environmental concerns of high fluorination degree drive the need to develop less fluorinated structures. Here, we depart from the traditional ether backbone and introduce bis(2-fluoroethoxy)methane (F2DEM), featuring monofluorination of the acetal backbone. High coulombic efficiency and stable long-term cycling in Li||Cu half cells can be achieved with F2DEM even under fast Li metal plating conditions. The performance of F2DEM is further compared with diethoxymethane (DEM) and 2-[2-(2,2-difluoroethoxy)ethoxy]-1,1,1-trifluoroethane (F5DEE). A significantly lower overpotential is observed with F2DEM, which improves energy efficiency and enables its application in high-rate conditions. Comparative studies of F2DEM with DEM and F5DEE in anode-free lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO

Indexed as

acetal electrolytelithium metal batterymonofluorination

Identifiers

PMID39772742
PMCPMC11745313

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.