ArticleCell reports2025
Metabolic reprogramming of macrophages by PKM2 promotes IL-10 production via adenosine.
Article in Cell reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Hyperprogressive disease in carcinoma induced by immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy: a systematic review.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2026Pooled it
- IL-10-STAT3 axis preserves epithelial mitochondrial homeostasis during bacterial challenge.Gut microbes · 2026Article
- Macrophage- or neutrophil-expressed UPP1 drives tumor growth and immune suppression in the tumor microenvironment.Science advances · 2026Article
- Spatiotemporal heterogeneity and dynamic evolution of microglial glucose metabolic reprogramming in Alzheimer's disease.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Review
- Adenosine Signaling in Primary and Metastatic Brain Tumors: Immune Suppression, Tumor Progression, and Therapeutic Opportunities.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Review
- Bioengineered extracellular vesicles escape lysosomal degradation and deliver Tet-PKM2 for macrophage immunometabolic reprogramming and periodontitis treatment.Bioactive materials · 2026Article
- Review
- Genetic deletion of adenosine AGeroScience · 2026Article
- Shifts in immunometabolism in autoimmune diseases.Immunologic research · 2026Review
- The Beneficial Effects of Marine Plant-Derived Compounds on the Musculoskeletal System.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Rewiring macrophage immunometabolism in gouty arthritis: from metabolic checkpoints to intelligent nano-delivery.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Advances in traditional Chinese medicine for modulating macrophage polarization in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- From a Shared Stress to Cell-Type-Specific Responses: The Heterogeneous Mechanisms of High Glucose-Induced Cellular Senescence in Diabetic Kidney Disease.Journal of diabetes research · 2026Review
- Effect of PKM2 onFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Article
- The gene regulatory networks shaping macrophage plasticity and altered function in fibrosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- The immunometabolic axis of sepsis-related myocardial injury: macrophage reprogramming as a central mechanism and therapeutic target.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Nuclear translocation of pyruvate kinase M2 drives high glucose-induced angiogenesis in retinal endothelial cellsInternational journal of ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Review
- Microglial glycolytic reprogramming in alzheimer's disease: association with impaired phagocytic function and altered vascular proximity.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2025Article
- Mechanisms of Interleukin-10-Mediated Immunosuppression in Viral Infections.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
19 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Macrophages play a crucial role in immune responses and undergo metabolic reprogramming to fulfill their functions. The tetramerization of the glycolytic enzyme pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) induces the production of the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-10 in vivo, but the underlying mechanism remains elusive. Here, we report that PKM2 activation with the pharmacological agent TEPP-46 increases IL-10 production in LPS-activated macrophages by metabolic reprogramming, leading to the production and release of ATP from glycolysis. The effect of TEPP-46 is abolished in PKM2-deficient macrophages. Extracellular ATP is converted into adenosine by ectonucleotidases that activate adenosine receptor A2a (A2aR) to enhance IL-10 production. Interestingly, IL-10 production induced by PKM2 activation is associated with improved mitochondrial health. Our results identify adenosine derived from glycolytic ATP as a driver of IL-10 production, highlighting the role of tetrameric PKM2 in regulating glycolysis to promote IL-10 production.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.