ArticleVaccines2024
Plant Cell Culture-Derived Saponin Adjuvant Enhances Immune Response Against a Stabilized Human Metapneumovirus Pre-Fusion Vaccine Candidate.
Article in Vaccines, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- The challenge of one billion adjuvanted vaccine doses: evaluating scalability, sustainability, and supply capacity of Quillaja saponin QS-21 for large-scale vaccine demand.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- hMPV Outbreaks: Worldwide Implications of a Re-Emerging Respiratory Pathogen.Microorganisms · 2025Review
- Harnessing Thalassochemicals: Marine Saponins as Bioactive Agents in Nutraceuticals and Food Technologies.Marine drugs · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
14 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) is a significant respiratory pathogen, particularly in vulnerable populations.
backgroundNo vaccine for the prevention of HMPV is currently licensed, although several subunit vaccines are in development. Saponin-based adjuvant systems (AS), including QS-21, have transformed the field of subunit vaccines by dramatically increasing their potency and efficacy, leading to the development of several licensed vaccines. However, naturally sourced tree bark-extracted QS-21 faces supply and manufacturing challenges, hindering vaccine development.
objectiveThis study reports on an alternative plant cell culture system for the consistent production of highly pure QS-21.
methodWe evaluated the efficacy of cultured plant cell (cpc)-produced QS-21 in a novel HMPV vaccine, formulating a recombinant pre-fusion stabilized HMPV F protein (preF) with cpcQS-21 and a synthetic toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) agonist adjuvant formulation.
resultsIn mice, TLR4 agonist containing adjuvant formulations with plant cell-produced QS-21 performed equally to licensed adjuvant AS01 containing tree-bark-extracted QS-21 and demonstrated a significant increase in immunogenicity against HMPV preF compared to the unadjuvanted control.
conclusionOur findings pave the way for a reliable, scalable, and sustainable source of pure QS-21, enabling the development of highly effective HMPV and other vaccines with significant public health impact.
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Registered trials
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