ReviewVaccines2024
Immunosenescence: Aging and Immune System Decline.
Review in Vaccines, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 99 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
99 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Rethinking secondary immunodeficiency: a cross-domain pathway framework for risk stratification.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- Immunofitness in the elderly: The role of vaccination in promoting healthy aging.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Review
- Multimodal Ageing Biomarkers and Plasma Proteomic Signatures Associated With All-Cause Mortality.Aging cell · 2026Article
- Antimicrobial Resistance Under a Changing Climate.Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand · 2026Article
- Early Bedside Risk Stratification in ICU Patients with Suspected Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis: A Minimalist Clinical Decision Support Model.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Risk Factors for Secondary Immunodeficiency in the Aged.The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. In practice · 2026Review
- Oncoviruses at the Crossroads of Ageing and Cancer: Molecular Mechanisms and Key Signalling Pathways.Reviews in medical virology · 2026Review
- Canine-Associated Capnocytophaga canimorsus Bacteremia in an Older Adult Without Classical Immunosuppressive Risk Factors.The American journal of case reports · 2026Article
- Association Between Immunosuppressive Cell Populations and Immune Response to Influenza Vaccination in Younger and Older Adults.Vaccines · 2026Article
- Beyond sex determination: the Y chromosome in male cancers.Nature reviews. Cancer · 2026Review
- The distinctiveness of human aging I: Anthropological and developmental foundations.Zeitschrift fur Gerontologie und Geriatrie · 2026Review
- Nanoparticle vaccine formulations for dengue virus.RSC pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- What Do We Know About Immune System Aging from Human and Animal Studies?International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Immune aging biomarkers for clinical trials.Nature medicine · 2026Review
- Clonal Analyses Reveal the Impact of Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cell Aging on T Cell Development.Aging cell · 2026Article
- Association Between Statin Initiation and Myasthenia Gravis Crisis.Journal of clinical neurology (Seoul, Korea) · 2026Article
- Chronic eczematous eruptions of aging: a clinical practice review.Annals of translational medicine · 2026Review
- Long-term survival probability and predictors of mortality among adult patients living with HIV initiating combination antiretroviral therapy in Oman: an ambidirectional cohort study, 1992-2024.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Cross-reactive antibody and T-cell responses after influenza virus infection in community-dwelling older adults.Journal of virology · 2026Article
- A Healthy Lifestyle Can Slow Immune System Aging and Reduce Age-Related Chronic Inflammation: A Narrative Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
39 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Immunosenescence, a systematic reduction in the immune system connected with age, profoundly affects the health and well-being of elderly individuals. This review outlines the hallmark features of immunosenescence, including thymic involution, inflammaging, cellular metabolic adaptations, and hematopoietic changes, and their impact on immune cells such as macrophages, neutrophils, T cells, dendritic cells, B cells, and natural killer (NK) cells. Thymic involution impairs the immune system's capacity to react to novel antigens by reducing thymopoiesis and shifting toward memory T cells. Inflammaging, characterized by chronic systemic inflammation, further impairs immune function. Cellular metabolic adaptations and hematopoietic changes alter immune cell function, contributing to a diminished immune response. Developing ways to reduce immunosenescence and enhance immunological function in the elderly population requires an understanding of these mechanisms.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.