Measuring Precipitation via Microwave Bands with a High-Accuracy Setup.

Alexandros Sakkas, Vasilis Christofilakis, Christos J Lolis, Spyridon K Chronopoulos, Kostas P Peppas

Abstract read

In one paragraph

Article in Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

0citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

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0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Alexandros SakkasElectronics-Telecommunications and Applications Laboratory, Physics Department, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece.ORCID 0000-0002-3026-204X

Vasilis ChristofilakisElectronics-Telecommunications and Applications Laboratory, Physics Department, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece.ORCID 0000-0001-6751-4557

Christos J LolisLaboratory of Meteorology, Physics Department, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece.

Spyridon K ChronopoulosElectronics-Telecommunications and Applications Laboratory, Physics Department, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece.ORCID 0000-0003-0132-2338

Kostas P PeppasDepartment of Informatics and Telecommunications, University of Peloponnese, Acadimaikou G.K. Vlachou, 22100 Tripolis, Greece.ORCID 0000-0002-8772-2502

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The urgent need for timely and accurate precipitation estimations in the face of ongoing climate change and the increasing frequency and/or intensity of extreme weather events underscores the necessity for innovative approaches. Recently, several studies have focused on estimating the precipitation rate through induced attenuation of radio frequency (RF) signals, which are abundant in modern communication systems. Most research has concentrated on frequencies exceeding 10 GHz, as attenuation at lower frequencies is minimal, posing measurement challenges. This study aims to confront this limitation by introducing a high-precision experimental setup capable of detecting this subtle attenuation at frequencies under 10 GHz. The setup includes a transmitter and receiver optimized for operation at 2.07, 4.63, and 6.22 GHz, where minimal worldwide research exists. A power resolution below 10

Indexed as

experimental setupmeasurementsmicrowaveprecipitationsignal attenuation

Identifiers

PMID39771792

DOI10.3390/s24248056

PMCPMC11679749

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.