ArticlePharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland)2024
Bilosomes and Niosomes for Enhanced Intestinal Absorption and In Vivo Efficacy of Cytarabine in Treatment of Acute Myeloid Leukemia.
Article in Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland), 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Engineering Bilosomal Nanocarriers for Targeted Delivery of Resveratrol: Rational Design, Radiotracking Insights and Cytotoxic Assessment.AAPS PharmSciTech · 2026Article
- Impact of bile salts, biopolymer coatings, and food matrix on bilosome-mediated delivery of trans-resveratrol.Food chemistry: X · 2026Article
- Effect of Nano-Gefitinib on Solid Ehrlich Carcinoma via Targeting EGFR, RIPK2 Pathways, and Macrophage Reprogramming.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Cytarabine (CTR) is a hydrophilic anticancer drug used to treat leukemia. It suffers from poor permeability and intestinal metabolism, diminishing its oral bioavailability. BACKGROUND/
objectivesThe objective was to develop and evaluate niosomes and bilosomes for enhanced intestinal absorption; hence, oral bioavailability.
resultsCTR-loaded niosomes and bilosomes with vesicle sizes of 152 and 204.3 nm were successfully prepared with acceptable properties. The presence of bile salts increased the zeta potential of bilosomes. The recorded entrapment efficiency of cytarabine was acceptable for such a hydrophilic drug. CTR-bilosomes showed a pH-dependent drug release pattern with preferred release in pH 6.8. Intestinal absorption behavior indicated a site-dependent CTR absorption pattern with unfavorable absorption in the distal intestine. Niosomal and bilosomal formulations enhanced intestinal absorption parameters with evidence for a predominant paracellular absorption mechanism that bypasses intestinal barriers. The investigation of the anti-leukemic effect of niosomal and bilosomal formulations indicated that both formulations ameliorated the blood parameters, reflecting significant improvement in leukemia treatment compared with the drug solution. Pathological examination of blood films revealed decreased blast cells in peripheral blood in groups treated with tested formulations.
methodsTested formulations were prepared according to the pro-concentrate method and characterized for particle size, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency, and in vitro release. CTR-loaded niosomes and bilosomes were evaluated for enhanced intestinal absorption utilizing the single-pass in situ intestinal perfusion method in rabbits, and the anti-leukemic effect was assessed using the benzene-induced leukemia model in rats.
conclusionsThis study introduced surfactant vesicles for enhanced oral bioavailability of CTR.
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