Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39770372›Full record

ArticlePathogens (Basel, Switzerland)2024

Respiratory Pathogen Coinfection During Intersecting COVID-19 and Influenza Epidemics.

Lina Jiang, Yifei Jin, Jingjing Li, Rongqiu Zhang, Yidun Zhang, Hongliang Cheng, Bing Lu, Jing Zheng, Li Li, Zhongyi Wang

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland), 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Viruses · 2026
    Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Clinical Characteristics and Cytokines of Children With Lower Respiratory Tract Infection Caused by Influenza A After COVID-19.The Canadian journal of infectious diseases & medical microbiology = Journal canadien des maladies infectieuses et de la microbiologie medicale · 2026
    Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Lina JiangXiamen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 681 Shengguang Road, Xiamen 361021, China.
Yifei JinNational Key Laboratory of Advanced Biotechnology, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, 20 Dongdajie Road, Beijing 100071, China.
Jingjing LiNational Key Laboratory of Advanced Biotechnology, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, 20 Dongdajie Road, Beijing 100071, China.
Rongqiu ZhangXiamen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 681 Shengguang Road, Xiamen 361021, China.
Yidun ZhangXiamen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 681 Shengguang Road, Xiamen 361021, China.
Hongliang ChengNational Key Laboratory of Advanced Biotechnology, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, 20 Dongdajie Road, Beijing 100071, China.
Bing LuNational Key Laboratory of Advanced Biotechnology, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, 20 Dongdajie Road, Beijing 100071, China.
Jing ZhengXiamen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 681 Shengguang Road, Xiamen 361021, China.
Li LiXiamen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 681 Shengguang Road, Xiamen 361021, China.
Zhongyi WangNational Key Laboratory of Advanced Biotechnology, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, 20 Dongdajie Road, Beijing 100071, China.ORCID 0000-0002-8982-2806

Funding

Beijing Nova Program Z211100002121064Fujian Province Health Science and Technology Project 2020CXB050the Key Specialty of Clinical Medicine of Xiamen, China Xiamen Health Commission Science and Education Department [2021] No. 215
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Respiratory pathogen coinfections pose significant challenges to global public health, particularly regarding the intersecting epidemics of COVID-19 and influenza. This study investigated the incidences of respiratory infectious pathogens in this unique context. We collected throat swab samples from 308 patients with a fever from outpatient and emergency departments at sentinel surveillance hospitals in Xiamen, southeast of China, between April and May 2023, testing for SARS-CoV-2 and 26 other respiratory pathogens. The coinfection rate of the XBB SARS-CoV-2 variant with other respiratory pathogens was higher than that observed during the Alpha and Delta phases. Among patients with influenza, bacterial coinfections were more prevalent. Only 0.65% (2/308) of the patients were concurrently infected with both COVID-19 and influenza. Age-stratified analysis showed a clear pattern, with a higher incidence of coinfections in children under 18 years of age. These findings highlight the need for the timely detection of respiratory pathogen coinfections and for the implementation of appropriate interventions, crucial for reducing disease burden during intersecting respiratory epidemics.

Indexed as

CoinfectionCOVID-19Influenza, HumanSARS-CoV-2AdolescentAdultAgedChildChild, PreschoolChinaEpidemicsFemaleHumansIncidenceInfantMalecoinfectionintersecting epidemicsrespiratory pathogen

Identifiers

PMID39770372
PMCPMC11678382

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.