ArticleMolecules (Basel, Switzerland)2024
Extracellular Vesicles and PlantCrystals for Improved Bioavailability of Curcumin as a BCS Class IV Drug.
Article in Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Nature's Power at Nanoscale: Isolation and Characterization of Exosome-like Nanovesicles from Murraya koenigii.Applied biochemistry and biotechnology · 2026Article
- Silymarin PlantCrystals for Improved Dermal Drug Delivery.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Challenges, Unmet Needs, and Future Directions for Nanocrystals in Dermal Drug Delivery.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Plant-derived nanovesicles fromFrontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The limited water solubility of active compounds remains a significant challenge for efficient dermal drug delivery, particularly for BCS class IV drugs such as curcumin. This study aimed to enhance curcumin's dermal penetration using two strategies: extracellular vesicles (EVs) and plantCrystals derived from soybeans. EVs were isolated using classical methods. However, plantCrystals containing extracellular vesicles (PCEVs) were formed during the preparation of plantCrystals through bead milling. Curcumin was either added after PCEVs were formed, resulting in curcumin-added PCEVs, or added to the soybean dispersion before bead milling, forming curcumin-loaded PCEVs. The formulations were characterized for their physicochemical properties and assessed for dermal penetration efficacy using quantitative dermatokinetic and semi-quantitative ex vivo porcine ear models. The results indicated that curcumin-loaded PCEVs achieved higher penetration efficacy compared to curcumin-added PCEVs and curcumin-loaded EVs, with approximately 1.5-fold and 2.7-fold increases in penetration efficacy, respectively. Additionally, curcumin-loaded PCEVs showed superior penetration depth, while curcumin from the curcumin-loaded EVs remained in the stratum corneum. These findings suggest that the plantCrystals strategy via bead milling offers a more effective approach than the classical EVs strategy for improving the topical delivery of class IV drugs like curcumin.
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Registered trials
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