Wanted: Dead or Alive Cells with Propidium Iodide Staining in Liver Tissue.

This study demonstrates the effectiveness of propidium iodide as a reliable marker for detecting dead or dying cells in frozen liver tissue sections. By comparing propidium iodide staining with the widely used Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay, both methods showed consistent results in disease models such as alcohol-induced fibrosis and Western diet-induced fatty liver. Additionally, propidium iodide was successfully co-stained with other fluorescent markers, like phalloidin (for actin filaments) and antibodies targeting collagen, enabling detailed spatial analysis of dying cells within tissue. This multiplex approach allows for a deeper understanding of tissue organization and cell death localization, particularly in complex conditions like liver fibrosis. Moreover, our results suggest that propidium iodide staining can be applied beyond current models, offering a more accessible and cost-effective alternative to traditional methods, like TUNEL. Furthermore, its integration with other markers enables simultaneous analysis of immune responses and tissue damage, making it a powerful tool for future studies on liver disease and other inflammatory conditions. This technique has the potential to advance research into disease mechanisms and improve the evaluation of novel therapeutic strategies targeting tissue regeneration and inflammation control.