ReviewChildren (Basel, Switzerland)2024
Echocardiographic Assessment of Biventricular Mechanics of Fetuses and Infants of Gestational Diabetic Mothers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Review in Children (Basel, Switzerland), 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- The Three-Y and Trachea View (3Y + T): A Conceptual Extension of the Three-Vessel and Trachea View for Comprehensive Fetal Echocardiographic Assessment.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Transformative Potential of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells in Congenital Heart Disease Research and Treatment.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- The Prenatal Diagnosis and Perinatal Management of Congenital Long QT Syndrome: A Comprehensive Literature Review and Recent Updates.Journal of cardiovascular development and disease · 2025Review
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundGestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is the most common complication in pregnancy, representing a serious risk for the mother and fetus. Identifying new biomarkers to ameliorate the screening and improving GDM diagnosis and treatment is crucial. During the last decade, a few studies have used speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) for assessing the myocardial deformation properties of fetuses (FGDM) and infants (IGDM) of GDM women, providing not univocal results. Accordingly, we performed a meta-analysis to examine the overall influence of GDM on left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) global longitudinal strain (GLS) in both FGDM and IGDM.
methodsAll echocardiographic studies assessing conventional echoDoppler parameters and biventricular strain indices in FGDM and IGDM vs. infants born to healthy pregnant women, selected from PubMed and EMBASE databases, were included. The studies performed on FGDM and IGDM were separately analyzed. The subtotal and overall standardized mean differences (SMDs) in LV-GLS and RV-GLS in FGDM and IGDM studies were calculated using the random-effect model.
resultsThe full texts of 18 studies with 1046 babies (72.5% fetuses) born to GDM women and 1573 babies of women with uncomplicated pregnancy (84.5% fetuses) were analyzed. Compared to controls, FGDM/IGDM were found with a significant reduction in both LV-GLS [average value -18.8% (range -11.6, -24.2%) vs. -21.5% (range -11.8, -28%),
conclusionsGDM is independently associated with biventricular strain impairment in fetuses and infants of gestational diabetic mothers. STE analysis may allow for the early detection of subclinical myocardial dysfunction in FGDM/IGDM.
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