ArticleBrain sciences2024
Associations of Depression Score with Dialkyl Phosphate Metabolites in Urine: A Cross-Sectional Study.
Article in Brain sciences, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Association of PFAS, Metals, Phthalate and Organophosphate Metabolites with Depression Among U.S. Adults.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2026Article
- Impact of Salivary Amino Acid Concentrations on 8 km Running Performance in Male Undergraduate Students: A Prospective Observational Study Based on HPLC.Metabolites · 2025Article
- The Associations of Serum Folate Forms with Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease and Liver Fibrosis: A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study.Metabolites · 2025Article
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2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesGrowing evidence suggests a link between organophosphate insecticides and depression disorder. These chemicals are metabolized and subsequently expelled through the urinary tract. The present study aims to investigate whether dialkyl phosphate metabolites associate with depression score and severity among the general population.
methodsThis cross-sectional study used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Depression was evaluated by the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). All urinary dialkyl phosphate metabolites were quantitatively analyzed. The survey's complex design parameters and sampling weights were considered.
results3035 eligible individuals were included. The estimated prevalence of mild and major depression was 18.3% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 16.9-19.7%) and 9.9% (95% CI: 8.7-11.0%). For each incremental unit in the level of urinary dimethyl phosphate (DMP), individuals were found to have a higher depression score of 0.77 and a significantly increased odds ratio (OR) of 1.13 (95% CI: 1.12-1.13) for mild depression and 2.75 (95% CI: 2.74-2.76) for major depression.
conclusionsOur findings indicate positive and independent associations between urinary dialkyl phosphate metabolites and an elevated risk of depression among the general population.
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