ReviewBrain sciences2024
The Association Between Traumatic Brain Injury and the Risk of Cognitive Decline: An Umbrella Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Review in Brain sciences, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed.
- Traumatic Brain Injury and the Road to Alzheimer's Disease.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Neurodegenerative decline following a mild traumatic brain injury: a case report.Journal of medical case reports · 2026Article
- GFAP degradation in TBI: linking novel modified products to astrocyte pathology and patient outcome.Acta neuropathologica communications · 2026Article
- Differential associations between traumatic brain injury severity and four dementia phenotypes in military veterans.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Article
- Current trends and updates on the emerging role of fecal microbiota transplantation in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.Antonie van Leeuwenhoek · 2026Review
- From Traumatic Brain Injury to Alzheimer's Disease: Multilevel Biomechanical, Neurovascular, and Molecular Mechanisms with Emerging Therapeutic Directions.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- U-shaped pattern in the association between serum magnesium levels and long-term dementia risk after traumatic brain injury: a retrospective cohort study.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- Lower Risk of Incident Dementia with SGLT2 Inhibitor Versus DPP-4 Inhibitor Initiation in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Prior Traumatic Brain Injury: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Drug design, development and therapy · 2026Article
- Pathological Calcium Signaling in Traumatic Brain Injury and Alzheimer's Disease: From Acute Neuronal Injury to Chronic Neurodegeneration.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Selecting outcome measures to validate prognostic biomarkers of paediatric mild traumatic brain injury: challenges and priorities.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Article
- A comprehensive review of rehabilitation approaches for traumatic brain injury: efficacy and outcomes.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThere is currently increasing interest in the implication of traumatic brain injury (TBI) as a potential risk factor for long-term neurodegenerative conditions, such as dementia and Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this context, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the association between TBI and the risk of dementia.
methodsA systematic search was performed across multiple electronic databases, including PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library, to identify relevant meta-analyses and cohort studies. Studies were included if they reported effect sizes (odds ratios [ORs] or relative risks [RRs]) for the association between TBI, its severity, and the risk of dementia or AD. Meta-analyses were performed using random-effects models to account for heterogeneity, and sensitivity analyses were conducted.
resultsA total of six studies were included in the analysis. The pooled results showed that TBI significantly increases the risk of dementia, with an overall odds ratio of 1.81 (95% CI: 1.53-2.14). Mild TBI was associated with a modest increase in dementia risk (OR = 1.96, 95% CI: 1.70-2.26), while moderate-to-severe TBI showed a stronger association (OR = 1.95, 95% CI: 1.55-2.45). In contrast, the association between TBI and AD was less consistent, with the pooled OR for AD being 1.18 (at 95% CI: 1.11-1.25) for mild TBI; however, in several studies, no significant association was observed (OR = 1.02, 95% CI: 0.91-1.15). The results also indicated substantial heterogeneity across studies, particularly in relation to AD outcomes.
conclusionsThe findings from this umbrella meta-analysis confirm that TBI is a significant risk factor for dementia, with more severe TBIs conferring a higher risk. While mild TBIs also increase the risk of dementia, the effect is more pronounced in moderate-to-severe injuries. The evidence linking TBI to AD is less robust, with inconsistent findings across studies. Clinicians should consider long-term cognitive screening and management for individuals with a history of TBI, particularly those with moderate-to-severe injuries.
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