ArticleCancers2024
Impact of Serum GDF-15 and IL-6 on Immunotherapy Response in Cancer: A Prospective Study.
Article in Cancers, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed.
- Cancer Cachexia in Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma: From Molecular Mechanisms to Prognostic Assessment.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Research trends in cytokine regulation of immunotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer: a bibliometric and BERTopic analysis from 2015 to 2025.Journal of thoracic disease · 2026Article
- Growth differentiation factor 15: from stress response to clinical utility in chronic liver diseases.Journal of gastroenterology · 2026Review
- Convergent Roles of Growth Differentiation Factor-15 (GDF-15) in Mechanotransduction, Vascular Disorganization, and Immune Suppression in Melanoma.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Exercise-modulated IL-6 in cancer cachexia: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic potential.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Review
- Associations of growth differentiation factor 15 with kidney function in frail and pre-frail older individuals: the mediating role of inflammation and oxidative stress.European journal of medical research · 2025Article
- Machine learning-guided single-cell multiomics uncovers GDF15-driven immunosuppressive niches in NSCLC: A translational framework for overcoming anti-PD-1 resistance.Translational oncology · 2025Article
- Real-world study of adebrelimab as first-line therapy for extensive-stage small cell lung cancer: a retrospective study.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundImmunotherapy has transformed cancer treatment; however, predicting treatment response remains challenging. Serum biomarkers can help identify patients who are most likely to benefit from immunotherapy.
objectiveThis study evaluates the relationship between serum growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels and treatment outcomes in cancer patients undergoing second-line immunotherapy.
methodsWe conducted a prospective observational study involving 85 patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), renal cell carcinoma (RCC), or malignant melanoma treated with nivolumab. The baseline serum levels of GDF-15 and IL-6 were measured by using ELISA kits. The primary endpoints were progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS), with cachexia as a secondary outcome.
resultsElevated GDF-15 levels were significantly associated with shorter PFS (HR: 0.55, 95% CI: 0.32-0.96,
conclusionOur findings indicate that GDF-15 could serve as a prognostic biomarker for immunotherapy response and may also be a target for cachexia management. Further studies should explore its potential to guide clinical decision making in oncology.
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