Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39764633›Full record

ArticlePublic health nutrition2025

The healthfulness of major food brands according to Health Canada's nutrient profile model for proposed restrictions on food marketing to children.

Laura Vergeer, Christine Mulligan, Hayun Jeong, Ayesha Khan, Mary R L'Abbé

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Public health nutrition, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Laura VergeerDepartment of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.ORCID 0000-0003-3982-5002
Christine MulliganDepartment of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Hayun JeongDepartment of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.ORCID 0009-0000-1969-1241
Ayesha KhanDepartment of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Mary R L'AbbéDepartment of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveTo examine the proportion of products offered by leading food brands in Canada that are 'unhealthy' according to Health Canada's (HC) nutrient profile model for proposed restrictions on food marketing to children (M2K-NPM).

designNutritional information for products offered by top brands was sourced from the University of Toronto FLIP and Menu-FLIP 2020 databases, respectively. HC's M2K-NPM, which includes thresholds for Na, total sugars and saturated fat, was applied to products.

settingCanada.

participantsOverall, 1385 products from top breakfast cereal (

resultsFor 42 % of brands (

conclusionsMost products offered by top food brands in Canada exceeded HC's M2K-NPM thresholds. Nonetheless, these brands could still be marketed under the proposed regulations, which exclude brand marketing (i.e. promotions without an identifiable product) despite its contribution to marketing power. These findings reinforce the need for Canada and other countries to include brand marketing in M2K policies.

Indexed as

MarketingNutrition PolicyNutritive ValueBeveragesCanadaChildEdible GrainFood LabelingHumansRestaurantsYogurtBrand marketingCanadaFood marketingFood marketing policyMarketing to childrenNutrient profile model

Identifiers

PMID39764633
PMCPMC11822582

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.