Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39763100›Full record

ArticleAdvanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)2025

Colloid-Forming Prodrug-Hydrogel Composite Prolongs Lower Intraocular Pressure in Rodent Eyes after Subconjunctival Injection.

Mickael Dang, Kai V Slaughter, Hong Cui, Christopher Jiang, Lisa Zhou, David J Matthew, Jeremy M Sivak, Molly S Shoichet

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Review
  5. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Mickael DangDepartment of Chemical Engineering & Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E5, Canada.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5061-5615
Kai V SlaughterTerrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, 160 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5834-3351
Hong CuiTerrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, 160 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada.
Christopher JiangDepartment of Chemical Engineering & Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E5, Canada.
Lisa ZhouDepartment of Chemical Engineering & Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E5, Canada.
David J MatthewDonald K. Johnson Eye Institute, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, 399 Bathurst Street, Toronto, ON, M5T 2S8, Canada.
Jeremy M SivakDonald K. Johnson Eye Institute, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, 399 Bathurst Street, Toronto, ON, M5T 2S8, Canada.
Molly S ShoichetDepartment of Chemical Engineering & Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E5, Canada.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1830-3475

Funding

Krembil Foundation 513342
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Colloidal drug aggregates (CDAs) are challenging in drug discovery due to their unpredictable formation and interference with screening assays. These limitations are turned into a strategic advantage by leveraging CDAs as a drug delivery platform. This study explores the deliberate formation and stabilization of CDAs for local ocular drug delivery, using a modified smallmolecule glaucoma drug. A series of timolol prodrugs are synthesized and self-assembled into CDAs. Of four prodrugs, timolol palmitate CDAs have a critical aggregate concentration of 2.72 µM and sustained in vitro release over 28 d. Timolol palmitate CDAs are dispersed throughout in situ gelling hyaluronan-oxime hydrogel and injected into the subconjunctival space of rat eyes. The intraocular pressure is significantly reduced for at least 49 d with a single subconjunctival injection of timolol-palmitate CDAs compared to 6 h for conventional timolol maleate. The systemic blood concentrations of timolol are significantly lower, even after 6 h, for timolol palmitate CDA-loaded hydrogel versus free timolol maleate, thereby potentially reducing the risk of systemic side effects. This innovative approach redefines the role of CDAs and provides a framework for long-acting ocular therapeutics, shifting their perception from a drug screening challenge to a powerful tool for sustained local drug delivery.

Indexed as

HydrogelsIntraocular PressureProdrugsAnimalsColloidsDrug CarriersDrug LiberationHyaluronic AcidInjections, IntraocularMaleRatsRats, Sprague-DawleyTimololColloidsDrug CarriersHyaluronic AcidHydrogelsProdrugsTimololcolloidal drug aggregateglaucomahydrogellong‐actingprodrugsubconjunctival spacetimolol

Identifiers

PMID39763100
PMCPMC11854861

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.