Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39762595›Full record

ArticleDigestive diseases and sciences2025

Gender, Marital, and Parental Barriers to Pursuing Gastroenterology Fellowship: A Multicenter Analysis of a National Survey and Actionable Solutions.

Rashmi Advani, Naba Saeed, Marta Arjonilla, Christopher McLouth, Arcelia Guerson-Gil, Hammad Qureshi, Folasade P May, Farah Monzur

Abstract readMulticenter Study
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Digestive diseases and sciences, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Rashmi Advani *Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Mount Sinai South Nassau Hospital, Oceanside, USA. rashmi.advani@snch.org.
Naba Saeed *Division of Gastroenterology, Oschner LSU Health Shreveport, Louisiana, USA.
Marta ArjonillaDivision of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA.
Christopher McLouthDepartment of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA.
Arcelia Guerson-GilIcahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Mount Sinai South Nassau Hospital, Oceanside, USA.
Hammad QureshiDepartment of Internal Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA.
Folasade P MayVatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases at the University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA.
Farah MonzurDivision of Gastroenterology and Hepatology at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionFemale gastroenterologists comprise 19% of the gastroenterology (GI) workforce, despite females making up 30% of GI fellows and over 50% of medical students in the USA. Barriers to pursuing GI fellowship have not been studied at the resident level. We aimed to determine multiple barriers that may prevent internal medicine (IM) residents from pursuing GI fellowship.

methodsOur multi-center team distributed an IRB-approved electronic survey to residents in IM residency programs nationwide. Multiple rounds of emails with survey description and link were sent to program directors and coordinators to forward to their residents. Four-point Likert barrier scales were used where "not a barrier" was analyzed as "no" and "somewhat a barrier" to "extreme barrier" was analyzed as "yes." Frequencies and Chi-square tests (p < 0.05) were used to compare barriers by gender.

resultsThe mean age was 29.9 years. 287 (52.9%) were female. Compared to males, female residents were more likely to report concerns regarding maternity/paternity leave, child care during or after training, fertility, and delaying pregnancy as significant barriers to applying for GI fellowship (Fig. 1). Lack of mentorship, lack of same-sex mentorship, lack of gender diversity, and compensation inequality were greater concerns compared to males (Fig. 1). Financial obligations, job availability, debt burden, family obligations, and paternity/maternity leave were significant barriers for trainees with 1 or more children compared to trainees with no children (p < 0.05) (Fig. 2). In a gender-based sub-analysis, female married trainees perceived paternity/maternity leave, childcare, delayed pregnancy, and lack of same-sex mentors to be greater barriers compared to male married trainees (p < 0.05).

conclusionOur study revealed several gender-specific, parental, and marital-based barriers that may prevent IM residents from pursuing fellowship training in GI. Potential interventions for female trainees include structured mentorship pathways, better resources for parental leave, and interventions to reduce stress/burnout and improve work-life balance.

Indexed as

Career ChoiceFellowships and ScholarshipsGastroenterologyInternship and ResidencyAdultFemaleHumansMaleSex FactorsSurveys and QuestionnairesUnited StatesGastroenterologyGender equityInternal medicineMarital barriersParental barriers

Identifiers

PMID39762595

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.