Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39762454›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2025

Antimicrobial properties of Graphene sheets embedded with Titanium Oxide and Calcium Oxide nanoparticles for industrial wastewater treatment.

Reza Darini, Hamed Ahari, Amir Khosrojerdi, Behrooz Jannat, Hossein Babazadeh

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Reza DariniDepartment of Water Science and Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
Hamed AhariDepartment of Food Science and Technology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. dr.h.ahari@gmail.com.
Amir KhosrojerdiDepartment of Water Science and Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
Behrooz JannatFood and Drug Administration, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran.
Hossein BabazadehDepartment of Water Science and Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This study investigated the antimicrobial efficacy of graphene, titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2NPs), and calcium oxide nanoparticles (CaONPs) against various microorganisms in dairy wastewater. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of graphene was determined to be 41.66 mg/L for Escherichia coli and 33.33 mg/L for Staphylococcus aureus, outperforming TiO2NPs and CaONPs. Additionally, graphene sheets embedded with 2.8% TiO2 (GST2.8) demonstrated superior performance in inhibiting bacterial growth compared to unmodified or other modified graphene sheets. The GST2.8 treatment significantly reduced microbial counts for S. aureus, E. coli, and mold/yeast, with the lowest observed counts being 4.85 CFU/mL, 3.00 CFU/mL, and 4.04 CFU/mL, respectively. These results suggest that graphene-based nanocomposites incorporating TiO2NPs and CaONPs hold promise as effective antimicrobial agents for wastewater treatment applications.

Indexed as

Anti-Infective AgentsCalcium CompoundsEscherichia coliGraphiteMicrobial Sensitivity TestsOxidesStaphylococcus aureusTitaniumWastewaterWater PurificationNanocompositesNanoparticlesAnti-Infective AgentsCalcium CompoundsGraphitelimeOxidesTitaniumtitanium dioxideWastewaterAntimicrobeGrapheneGraphene-CaOGraphene-TiO2Wastewater treatment

Identifiers

PMID39762454
PMCPMC11704011

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.