ArticleNature microbiology2025
Gut microbiome signatures of vegan, vegetarian and omnivore diets and associated health outcomes across 21,561 individuals.
Article in Nature microbiology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 84 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
84 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Vegetarian and vegan diets and cancer incidence: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies.European journal of epidemiology · 2026Pooled it
- Contrasting dietary patterns remodel gut microbial function and generate multi-omic signatures associated with cardiometabolic markers.Gut microbes · 2026Trial
- Increasing plant protein sources in the diet modulates gut microbiota and tryptophan metabolism in men at cardiometabolic risk.Gut microbes · 2026Trial
- Baseline intestinal microbiota composition influences response to a real-world dietary fiber intervention.NPJ biofilms and microbiomes · 2025Trial
- Temporal nutrition analysis associates dietary regularity and quality with gut microbiome diversity: insights from the Food & You digital cohort.Nature communications · 2025Trial
- Human gut microbiome as a composite health biomarker.Gut microbes · 2026Article
- Discovery of dietary polyphenols targeting the autoinducer-2 quorum sensing system of pathogenic bacteria.Gut microbes · 2026Article
- Gut microbiome in type 2 diabetes: insights from metagenomics, multi-omics, and diet-microbe interactions.Gut microbes · 2026Review
- Age-adjusted machine learning identifies facial skin microbes associated with skin quality among Korean women.mSystems · 2026Article
- Association between A Body Shape Index with constipation and diarrhea: NHANES 2005 to 2010.Medicine · 2026Article
- Plant and Animal Protein Sources in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Current Evidence and Clinical Implications.JGH open : an open access journal of gastroenterology and hepatology · 2026Review
- The gut microbiome and allograft outcomes: implications for heart transplantation.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2026Review
- The Association of Diet and Lifestyle Factors With Quality of Life and Self-Rated Health in Older Adults: The Loma Linda Longevity Study.American journal of lifestyle medicine · 2026Article
- The Effects and Mechanisms Underlying Red Meat Diet on Endometriosis Through Modulating Gut Microbiota.Food science & nutrition · 2026Article
- Gut Microbiota, Immunity, and Metabolism in the Progression From Chronic Liver Disease to Hepatocellular Carcinoma.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Quantitative detection of gut microbial eukaryotes with EukDetect2 reveals global distribution of commensal protists and association with distinct microbial community structure.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Healthful plant-based diet, gut enterotype, and cognition in a rural Chinese elderly cohort: A longitudinal multi-omics study.Cell reports. Medicine · 2026Article
- The gut-bone axis: impact of diet on gut microbiome and osteoporosis.Bone research · 2026Review
- Inflammation and Colorectal Cancer Pathogenesis: Molecular, Immunological, and Environmental Features for Therapy Response and Resistances.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Distinct microbial mediators link diet to inflammation in Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.Gut · 2026Article
24 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
19 authors.
Funding
Abstract
As plant-based diets gain traction, interest in their impacts on the gut microbiome is growing. However, little is known about diet-pattern-specific metagenomic profiles across populations. Here we considered 21,561 individuals spanning 5 independent, multinational, human cohorts to map how differences in diet pattern (omnivore, vegetarian and vegan) are reflected in gut microbiomes. Microbial profiles distinguished these common diet patterns well (mean AUC = 0.85). Red meat was a strong driver of omnivore microbiomes, with corresponding signature microbes (for example, Ruminococcus torques, Bilophila wadsworthia and Alistipes putredinis) negatively correlated with host cardiometabolic health. Conversely, vegan signature microbes were correlated with favourable cardiometabolic markers and were enriched in omnivores consuming more plant-based foods. Diet-specific gut microbes partially overlapped with food microbiomes, especially with dairy microbes, for example, Streptococcus thermophilus, and typical soil microbes in vegans. The signatures of common western diet patterns can support future nutritional interventions and epidemiology.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.