Trial reportNature medicine2025
Neoadjuvant chemoradiation with or without PD-1 blockade in locally advanced rectal cancer: a randomized phase 2 trial.
Trial report in Nature medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 3 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 28 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Efficacy and Safety of Neoadjuvant Long-course Chemoradiation Plus Tislelizumab in Mid-low Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer: a Phase II, Multi-center, Open-label, Randomized Controlled Trial (POLARSTAR Trial)
A Prospective, Phase II, Single-Arm Study on the Efficacy and Safety of Neoadjuvant Short-Course Radiotherapy Combined With Chemotherapy and Immunotherapy in Mid-Low Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer
Short-Course Radiotherapy Followed by Liposomal Irinotecan, Capecitabine, and Camrelizumab as Neoadjuvant Therapy for Locally Advanced pMMR/MSS Low Rectal Cancer: A Prospective Single-Arm Phase II Trial Protocol
Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Immune checkpoint inhibitors with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in proficient MMR rectal cancer: systematic review and meta-analysis.Radiation oncology (London, England) · 2026Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Nonlinear duration-efficacy association of neoadjuvant PD-1/PD-L1 blockade with chemoradiotherapy in pMMR/MSS locally advanced rectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Pooled it
- Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy with or without PD-1 inhibitors in MMR-proficient non-metastatic rectal cancer: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- Efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant therapy combined with immunotherapy in MMR‑proficient/microsatellite stable non‑metastatic rectal cancer: a systematic review and meta‑analysis.Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology · 2025Pooled it
- Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy with or without PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in locally advanced rectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC cancer · 2025Pooled it
- Total neoadjuvant chemotherapy combined with PD‑1 blockade and IL‑2 in MSS/pMMR locally advanced rectal cancer: short-term results of a prospective, single-arm phase II study.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Trial
- Short-Course Radiotherapy-Based Total Neoadjuvant Therapy plus Tislelizumab for Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer (Neo-STAR): Early Outcomes of a Randomized Phase II Trial.Cancer communications (London, England) · 2026Trial
- Development of the rationale of a personalized cancer vaccine based on the in situ vaccine effect of radiotherapy: a mechanistic study of the POLARSTAR trial.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2025Trial
- Total neoadjuvant therapy for rectal cancer: where are we now, where do we go?Clinical and translational radiation oncology · 2026Review
- Colorectal Cancer: Epidemiology, Risk Factors, Signaling Pathways, Clinical Features, Screening, Diagnosis, and Management.MedComm · 2026Review
- Can Chemoradiotherapy Expand Immune Checkpoint Blockade Responsiveness in Mismatch Repair-Proficient Rectal Cancer?Annals of gastroenterological surgery · 2026Review
- B cells in cancer: functions, mechanisms and therapeutic advances.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- Paradigm Shifts in Perioperative Management of Colorectal Cancer: Personalization Based on Tumor Biology, Primary Site, and Recurrence Risk, and the Evolving Role of Organ Preservation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Watch and Wait Strategy for Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer: Update From Results of Recent Clinical Trials.Cancer medicine · 2026Review
- Longitudinal single-cell and TCR repertoire profiling characterizes clonal entrapment in patients with pMMR/MSS locally advanced rectal cancer.Cell discovery · 2026Article
- [Current status and future perspectives of precision treatment for locally advanced rectal cancer].Beijing da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Peking University. Health sciences · 2026Review
- Annual Review of Systemic Medical Treatment for Colorectal Cancer in 2025.Cancer innovation · 2026Review
- Randomized Parallel-Group Phase II Study (NEOTERIC) of Atezolizumab With or Without Tiragolumab After Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy in Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer.Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology · 2026Article
- Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
23 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Radiotherapy displays unique antitumor synergism with immune checkpoint inhibitors, which is indicated by high pathological complete response (pCR) rates from single-arm trials of locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC). Here we test the efficacy and safety of the radiation-immune checkpoint inhibitor combination in patients with LARC in a phase 2, randomized trial conducted in eight major colorectal cancer centers in Beijing. In total, 186 eligible all-comer (proficient mismatch repair and deficient mismatch repair) participants were enrolled. The patients were randomly assigned to receive neoadjuvant chemoradiation + concurrent/sequential PD-1 blockade (experiment groups A/B) or neoadjuvant chemoradiation alone (control group). Radical surgeries were scheduled after neoadjuvant treatments. The primary endpoint was the pCR rate. The pCR rates were 27.1%, 32.7% and 14.0% for experiment groups A and B and the control group, respectively. The difference in pCR rates between experiment group B and the control group reached statistical significance (risk ratio 2.332, 95% confidence interval 1.106-4.916; P = 0.019). No substantial differences between either one of the experiment groups and the control group were observed regarding adverse reaction, surgical complication and disease progression. Our results show that adding PD-1 blockade after neoadjuvant chemoradiation increases the pCR rate for patients with LARC and raises no substantial safety concerns. Phase 3 trials with larger sample sizes are warranted (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT05245474 ).
Indexed as
Identifiers
39762418What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.