Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39762135›Full record

ArticleJournal of applied microbiology2025

Effect of pipe material and disinfectant on active bacterial communities in drinking water and biofilms.

Sallamaari Siponen, Jenni Ikonen, Vicente Gomez-Alvarez, Anna-Maria Hokajärvi, Matti Ruokolainen, Balamuralikrishna Jayaprakash, Mikko Kolehmainen, Ilkka T Miettinen, Tarja Pitkänen, Eila Torvinen

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of applied microbiology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Sallamaari SiponenUniversity of Eastern Finland, Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland.ORCID 0000-0002-9206-7979
Jenni IkonenFinnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Department of Public Health, P.O. Box 95, FI-70701 Kuopio, Finland.
Vicente Gomez-AlvarezU.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, 26 W. Martin Luther King Dr., Cincinnati, OH 45268, United States of America.
Anna-Maria HokajärviFinnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Department of Public Health, P.O. Box 95, FI-70701 Kuopio, Finland.
Matti RuokolainenUniversity of Eastern Finland, Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland.
Balamuralikrishna JayaprakashFinnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Department of Public Health, P.O. Box 95, FI-70701 Kuopio, Finland.
Mikko KolehmainenUniversity of Eastern Finland, Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland.
Ilkka T MiettinenFinnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Department of Public Health, P.O. Box 95, FI-70701 Kuopio, Finland.
Tarja PitkänenFinnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Department of Public Health, P.O. Box 95, FI-70701 Kuopio, Finland.
Eila TorvinenUniversity of Eastern Finland, Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland.

Funding

Intramural EPA EPA999999
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

aimsWe investigated the combined effects of pipe materials and disinfection chemicals on bacterial community and its active RNA fraction in water and biofilms in a pilot-scale premise plumbing system. METHODS AND

resultsThe changes in bacterial communities were studied within four pipelines using copper and cross-linked polyethylene (PEX) pipe with chlorine or chloramine disinfection. The total and active bacterial communities and the presence of opportunistic pathogens (Legionella spp. and Mycobacterium spp.) were analyzed using 16S rRNA (gene) amplicon sequencing. The dominant classes were Alphaproteobacteria (31%) and Gammaproteobacteria (24%). Class Planctomycetia was increased in active fraction of chlorinated waters and PEX pipe biofilms and decreased in chloraminated waters and copper pipe biofilms. The alpha diversity of the active fractions in biofilms were highest in chloraminated PEX pipe samples (Chao1 mean = 163, p < 0.05, Kruskal-Wallis). Legionella spp. was more abundant and active in waters treated with chlorine than chloramine.

conclusionsDisinfectant had a stronger impact than pipe material on the bacterial community composition in water. A combined effect of pipe material and disinfectant was more evident on the composition and activity of the biofilm communities than the individual effect of copper, PEX, chlorine, or chloramine.

Indexed as

chloraminechlorinecopper pipesopportunistic pathogensplastic pipes

Identifiers

PMID39762135
PMCPMC12228834

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.