ArticlePloS one2025
Persistence of Phi6, a SARS-CoV-2 surrogate, in simulated indoor environments: Effects of humidity and material properties.
Article in PloS one, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Beyond Infection-Indoor Airborne Pathogens as Contributors to Respiratory Inflammation and Immune Dysregulation: A Narrative Review.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Phage Stability Across Conditions: Ensuring Accurate Use of Viral Surrogates in Antiviral Testing.Viruses · 2026Article
- Pathogens on High-Touch Surfaces in an Arid Megacity: A Longitudinal Molecular Surveillance Study.Microorganisms · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 virus caused the COVID-19 pandemic and brought major challenges to public health. It is transmitted via aerosols, droplets, and fomites. Among these, viral transmission through fomites is not well understood although it remains a very important transmission route. This motivated us to study how fomites play a role in viral transmission within controlled indoor environments. To achieve this, we investigated viral aerosol persistence on fomites under different humidity levels to mimic the built environment. We developed a protocol to study the effect of humidity on viral infectivity using a full-scale environmental chamber. The results show that the infectivity of aerosolized Phi6 in air decreased by ≥ 1 log10 as the relative humidity (RH) increased from 25% to 75% but then increased by ≥ 1 log10 as the RH further increased to 85%, resulting in a characteristic V-shape curve which varied with exposure time. Consistently, we show that although material properties may impact viral persistence, changes in the local humidity more significantly influence viral persistence on fomites. These results provide new insights into indoor fomite-mediated viral transmission under different environmental conditions. These findings will help guide the design of more effective strategies for viral control in indoor environments.
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Registered trials
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