Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39760461›Full record

ReviewACS nano2025

Autonomous Nucleic Acid and Protein Nanocomputing Agents Engineered to Operate in Living Cells.

Martin Panigaj, Tanaya Basu Roy, Elizabeth Skelly, Morgan R Chandler, Jian Wang, Srinivasan Ekambaram, Kristin Bircsak, Nikolay V Dokholyan, Kirill A Afonin

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in ACS nano, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
9citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

9 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Review
  6. Optogenetic enzymes: A deep dive into design and impact.Current opinion in structural biology · 2025
    Review
  7. Review
  8. Article
  9. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Martin PanigajNanoscale Science Program, Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina 28223, United States.
Tanaya Basu RoyDepartment of Pharmacology, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, United States.
Elizabeth SkellyNanoscale Science Program, Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina 28223, United States.
Morgan R ChandlerMIMETAS US, INC, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878, United States.ORCID 0000-0003-3078-6000
Jian WangDepartment of Pharmacology, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, United States.
Srinivasan EkambaramDepartment of Pharmacology, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, United States.
Kristin BircsakMIMETAS US, INC, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878, United States.
Nikolay V DokholyanDepartment of Pharmacology, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, United States.ORCID 0000-0002-8225-4025
Kirill A AfoninNanoscale Science Program, Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina 28223, United States.ORCID 0000-0002-6917-3183

Funding

Nanoscale programming of cellular and physiological phenotypes: EquipmentR35GM134864 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA · PI Nikolay Dokholyan · 2020 to 2026
$5.2M
SMART NANPs: new molecular platform for communication with human immune system and modulation of therapeutic responsesR35GM139587 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA CHARLOTTE · PI AFONIN, KIRILL A · 2021 to 2025
$1.8M
NIGMS NIH HHS R35 GM134864NIGMS NIH HHS R35 GM139587
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

In recent years, the rapid development and employment of autonomous technology have been observed in many areas of human activity. Autonomous technology can readily adjust its function to environmental conditions and enable an efficient operation without human control. While applying the same concept to designing advanced biomolecular therapies would revolutionize nanomedicine, the design approaches to engineering biological nanocomputing agents for predefined operations within living cells remain a challenge. Autonomous nanocomputing agents made of nucleic acids and proteins are an appealing idea, and two decades of research has shown that the engineered agents act under real physical and biochemical constraints in a logical manner. Throughout all domains of life, nucleic acids and proteins perform a variety of vital functions, where the sequence-defined structures of these biopolymers either operate on their own or efficiently function together. This programmability and synergy inspire massive research efforts that utilize the versatility of nucleic and amino acids to encode functions and properties that otherwise do not exist in nature. This Perspective covers the key concepts used in the design and application of nanocomputing agents and discusses potential limitations and paths forward.

Indexed as

NanotechnologyNucleic AcidsProtein EngineeringProteinsAnimalsHumansNucleic AcidsProteinsdirected evolutionnanocomputing agentsnucleic acid nanoparticlesproteinsrational design

Identifiers

PMID39760461
PMCPMC11757000

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.