Health Information Disorders Models: A Scoping Review.

Background: The purpose of this scoping review is to identify the models of Health Information Disorders (HIDs), the components of these models, their study setting, and their designing approaches. Materials and Methods: In this study, PubMed, Web Of Science (WOS), Scopus, ProQuest, and Embase databases were searched to identify relevant articles. After screening the identified studies, 22 studies were selected. Data was extracted based on objectives and was combined and summarized by a narrative method. Results: The analysis of articles showed most of the included studies presented conceptual models or frameworks that provide a more structured and comprehensive view of a topic. The elements and components of the HID models were categorized into five main components, including information issues, communication issues, psychology issues, social issues and theories. Most studies employed, existing theories, evidence, or principles to design their approaches. The main setting of studies were COVID-19 and related topics such as vaccination. Conclusions: By synthesizing the HID models we tried to find the gap among types, components, designing approaches and setting of models. It seems we need some HID models based on contextual frameworks to understand deeply the way of being born, spread and death of HIDs in society. Also, future advancements in HID models should focus on other diseases rather than COVID-19 to provide a holistic approach in diverse healthcare landscapes.