ArticleThe Lancet regional health. Europe2025
Incidence, case fatality, and functional outcome of intracerebral haemorrhage, according to age, sex, and country income level: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Article in The Lancet regional health. Europe, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Deep learning-based automated segmentation of intracerebral haemorrhage, intraventricular haemorrhage and perihaematomal oedema on non-contrast CT.European stroke journal · 2026Pooled it
- Risk stratification and prognostic outcomes in intracerebral hemorrhage among patients with chronic kidney disease: a population-oriented meta-analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Application of Deep Learning for Predicting Hematoma Expansion in Intracerebral Hemorrhage Using Computed Tomography Scans: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Diagnostic Accuracy.La Radiologia medica · 2025Pooled it
- Surgery for spontaneous supratentorial intracerebral haemorrhage.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2025Pooled it
- Hematoma Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist Concentrations Predict Long-Term Outcome in Acute Human Intracerebral Hemorrhage.Annals of neurology · 2026Trial
- Dynamics of early electroencephalographic patterns and epileptic seizures in acute intracerebral hemorrhage: A prospective controlled study.Epilepsia · 2026Trial
- Cost-Effectiveness of Annual Atrial Fibrillation Screening Compared with Current Opportunistic Screening in Australian Primary Care: A Model-Based Economic Evaluation.Applied health economics and health policy · 2026Article
- Article
- Admission Serum Albumin as a Predictor of Cardiovascular Complications in Non-Traumatic Intracerebral Hemorrhage.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Trajectory-Based Modeling Improves Long-Term Outcome Prediction Beyond 90-Day Assessment in ICU-Treated Intracerebral Hemorrhage.Revista de neurologia · 2026Article
- Location-Specific Hematoma Volume Predicts Early Neurological Deterioration in Supratentorial ICH.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2026Article
- Ferroptosis modulation enhances astrocyte-to-neuron conversion induced by a novel chemical cocktail in the hemorrhagic brain.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Article
- Towards Explainability in Deep Learning for Detection of Five Major Intracranial Hemorrhage Subtypes on Head CT Using Multi-window DICOM Imaging and Patient-Level Cross-Validation.Journal of imaging informatics in medicine · 2026Article
- Incidence, clinical characteristics and outcome of spontaneous cerebellar intracerebral haemorrhage in a Norwegian population.European stroke journal · 2026Article
- Identification and characterization of intracerebral hemorrhage events in elderly veterans with alzheimer's disease in the veterans affairs healthcare system.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Predictors of functional outcome of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage in elderly patients from a comprehensive stroke care unit, prospective cohort hospital based study.BMC neurology · 2026Article
- Corticospinal tract risk modifies motor recovery after minimally invasive surgery for intracerebral hemorrhage: a secondary analysis of MISTIE-III.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Reducing Inequalities in Stroke Events-Hemorrhagic Disparities (RISE-HD): a 10-Year Longitudinal Study in Florida.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Article
- Ginsenoside Rg2 attenuates secondary brain injury following intracerebral hemorrhage by inhibiting NLRP3-mediated pyroptosis.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Article
- Letter to the editor, regarding "Acute care of spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage", recently published by Shah and colleagues.Neurological research and practice · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) accounts for approximately 28% of all strokes worldwide. ICH has a high case fatality, and only few survivors recover to independent living. Over the past decades, demographic changes, and changes in prevalence and management of risk factors may have influenced incidence. Widespread implementation of stroke units and improved care in general may have affected case fatality and outcome. We aimed to update the evidence on incidence, case fatality, and functional outcome of ICH, according to age, sex, and country income level. Methods: We systematically searched PubMed and Embase from 2008 to April 2023 for prospective population-based studies on incidence, case fatality, or functional outcome of first-ever ICH. We excluded studies in which less than 80% of cases was confirmed with imaging or autopsy. Quality of the studies was assessed based on the used case finding methods. We used inverse variance-based random-effects meta-analyses to pool the crude incidence, case fatality at 1 month, and the percentage of patients with good functional outcome after 3, 6, or 12 months, as defined by the authors of the individual studies. Time trends were assessed using weighted linear meta-regression. Funnel plots were constructed to study publication bias. The review was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42023413314). Findings: We identified 70 eligible studies, describing 19,470 ICH patients from 26 different countries. Of these, 62 studies reported on crude incidence, 41 on case fatality, and 10 on functional outcome. Overall crude incidence was 29.2 per 100,000 person-years (95% CI 23.3-36.4; I Interpretation: Our results demonstrate the persistently high burden and devastating consequences of ICH, stressing the need for better preventive strategies and acute treatments. Funding: None.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.