ArticleJACC. Advances2025
Estimating the Risk of Cardiovascular Events in U.S. Veterans Using the SMART Risk Score.
Article in JACC. Advances, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Use of a digital health solution after percutaneous coronary intervention: a randomised controlled trial.Frontiers in digital health · 2026Trial
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Authors and funding
16 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Estimation of long-term risk for cardiovascular events using the SMART (Secondary Manifestations of Arterial Disease) risk score can be potentially valuable in devising risk mitigation strategies. Objectives: The objective of this study was to apply the SMART risk score to compute the risk for major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in the U.S. Veteran patient population. Methods: We used the Veterans Affairs (VA) informatics and computing infrastructure to identify patients referred for an initial outpatient cardiology evaluation between the years 2003 and 2010 to estimate 10-year risk for composite MACE (all-cause death, ischemic stroke, and nonfatal myocardial infarction). Cox regression and survival curves were used to develop and validate the VA SMART score. Results: The study population included 472,702 patients (mean age 60 ± 8.9 years, 96% male) who were allocated into development (n = 94,091) and test cohorts (n = 378,611). The median follow-up time was 7.9 years (IQR: 6.0-9.9). The VA-SMART score allowed accurate estimation of MACE. Patients were stratified in low (<10%), moderate (10% to 20%), high (20% to 30%), and very high (≥30%) risk groups with observed events rates of 6.8%, 17.9%, 28.5%, and 49.5%, respectively, in the test cohort ( Conclusions: The VA SMART risk score can estimate the long-term risk of recurrent cardiovascular events in U.S. Veterans and could help implement individualized risk mitigation strategies.
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