Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39759163›Full record

ArticleJournal of medical cases2025

Ciprofloxacin-Induced Encephalopathy.

Adelle Kanan, Alexander T Phan, Haroon Azhand, Katherine E Bourbeau-Medinilla

Abstract readCase Reports
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of medical cases, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Adelle KananCalifornia University of Science and Medicine, Colton, CA 92324 USA.
Alexander T PhanDepartment of Internal Medicine, Arrowhead Regional Medical Center, Colton, CA 92324, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4104-2229
Haroon AzhandDepartment of Internal Medicine, Arrowhead Regional Medical Center, Colton, CA 92324, USA.
Katherine E Bourbeau-MedinillaDepartment of Internal Medicine, Arrowhead Regional Medical Center, Colton, CA 92324, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Fluoroquinolones (FLQs) are commonly prescribed for infections in both the inpatient and outpatient setting. Though typically well-tolerated, FLQs have been associated with central nervous system adverse effects, especially in older adults and those who metabolize medications at suboptimal rates. Rarely, these drugs can cause serious neurotoxic manifestations, such as seizures, psychosis, or encephalopathy. Although new quinolone derivatives like levofloxacin are most associated with neurotoxic side effects, we show that these unwanted side effects can occur with ciprofloxacin as well. Clinicians should be aware of the neurotoxic side effects of FLQs and its predisposing risk factors, as this is a commonly prescribed class of medication. We aim to contribute to the limited body of literature describing neurotoxic clinical manifestations of FLQs. Herein, we present a case of an 88-year-old male with underlying dementia who presented to the emergency department for evaluation of acute encephalopathy.

Indexed as

CiprofloxacinEncephalopathyFluoroquinolonesMedication adverse effects

Identifiers

PMID39759163
PMCPMC11699863

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.