ArticleOpen forum infectious diseases2025
H and B Blood Antigens Are Essential for In Vitro Replication of GII.2 Human Norovirus.
Article in Open forum infectious diseases, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Cationic Nanogel Coated Norovirus VLP Nasal Vaccine Induces Neutralizing Mucosal IgA and Serum IgG Antibodies.Molecular pharmaceutics · 2026Article
- Recovery of infectious recombinant human norovirus using zebrafish embryos.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Human norovirus (HuNoV) is a major cause of enteric infectious gastroenteritis and is classified into several genotypes based on its capsid protein amino acid sequence and nucleotide sequence of the polymerase gene. Among these, GII.4 is the major genotype worldwide. Epidemiological studies have highlighted the prevalence of GII.2. Although recent advances using human tissue- and induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) have enabled in vitro replication of multiple HuNoV genotypes, GII.2 HuNoV could replicate only in tissue-derived IECs and not in iPSC-derived IECs. Methods: We investigated the factors influencing GII.2 HuNoV replication in IECs, focusing on histo-blood group antigens. We also assessed the immunogenicity of GII.2 virus-like particles (VLPs) and their ability to induce neutralizing antibodies. Antibody cross-reactivity was tested to determine whether GII.2 VLPs could neutralize other HuNoV genotypes, including GII.4, GII.3, GII.6, and GII.17. Results: Our findings indicated that GII.2 HuNoV replication in vitro requires the presence of both H and B antigens. Moreover, GII.2 VLPs generated neutralizing antibodies effective against both GII.2 and GII.4 but not against GII.3, GII.6, or GII.17. Comparatively, GII.2 and GII.17 VLPs induced broader neutralizing responses than GII.4 VLPs. Conclusions: The findings of this study suggests that GII.2 and GII.17 VLPs may be advantageous as HuNoV vaccine candidates because they elicit neutralizing antibodies against the predominant GII.4 genotype, which could be particularly beneficial for infants without prior HuNoV exposure. These insights will contribute to the development of effective HuNoV vaccines.
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