ArticleJCO oncology advances2024
Disparities in Utilization of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy Among Older Patients With Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A SEER-Medicare Analysis.
Article in JCO oncology advances, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Trends in cardiovascular mortality among lung cancer patients in the United States: a retrospective study from 1999 to 2023.Cardio-oncology (London, England) · 2026Article
- Patient-reported quality-of-life outcomes in immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy: addressing gaps, capturing patient experience, and advancing the field.Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2026Review
- Early-Stage Lung Cancer Treatment Disparities by Race Among Medicare Beneficiaries.JAMA network open · 2026Observational
- Trends in initial primary treatment approach and biomarker testing across social determinants of health in early-stage non-small cell lung cancer.Future oncology (London, England) · 2025Article
- Statin Use With Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors and Survival in Nonsmall Cell Lung Cancer.Clinical lung cancer · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
Abstract
purposeIn the United States, there are disparities in access to care for patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) on the basis of socioeconomic and racial/ethnic factors. This study investigates the association between race/ethnicity and the utilization of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy among older patients with advanced NSCLC (aNSCLC).
methodsThis retrospective study used data from the SEER-Medicare-linked database. The cohort included patients (age 66 years or older) diagnosed with aNSCLC (stage III/IV) between March 2015 and December 2017, and they were followed through December 2019. Race/ethnicity was categorized as non-Hispanic (NH)-White, NH-Black, Hispanic, and Other. ICI therapy utilization was determined by identifying any usage of ICI agents (nivolumab, pembrolizumab, atezolizumab, durvalumab, ipilimumab, and cemiplimab-rwlc) from the Medicare database. Multivariable logistic regression models assessed the association between race/ethnicity and ICI therapy utilization (yes, no). Effect measure modification analyses were conducted by sex, socioeconomic status, and comorbidity.
resultsThe final sample included 26,836 patients; 76.2% were NH-White, 10.1% NH-Black, 5.7% Hispanic, and 8.0% Other. The overall ICI therapy utilization proportion was 17.8%, varying across ethnicities: NH-Black 14.1%, Hispanic 16.3%, NH-White 18.4%, and Other 18.5%. In comparison with NH-White patients, NH-Black patients were 15% less likely to receive ICI therapy (adjusted odds ratio, 0.85 [95% CI, 0.75 to 0.96]). Furthermore, the association between race/ethnicity and utilization of ICI therapy was modified by comorbidity status, sex, and socioeconomic status.
conclusionNH-Black patients with aNSCLC were less likely to receive ICI therapy than their NH-White counterparts. Our findings indicate the racial/ethnic disparities in ICI therapy utilization and call for further interventions to optimize access to care.
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