Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39757243›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2025

The effect of various bulk filling techniques on the mechanical and structural characteristics of class I biomimetic composite dental fillings.

Alexandra Kemény, Péter Zoltán Farkas, Borbála Leveles, Levente Borhy, Dóra Károly, Tamás Bubonyi, András Volom, Gábor Braunitzer, David S Alleman, Balázs Varbai

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Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Alexandra KeményDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3, Budapest, H-1111, Hungary. kemeny.alexandra@gpk.bme.hu.
Péter Zoltán FarkasDr. Volom Aesthetic Dentistry, Bokor u. 17-21, Budapest, H-1037, Hungary.
Borbála LevelesMedicontur Medical Engineering Ltd., Herceghalmi út 1, Zsámbék, H-2072, Hungary.
Levente BorhyDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3, Budapest, H-1111, Hungary.
Dóra KárolyDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3, Budapest, H-1111, Hungary.
Tamás BubonyiInstitute of Physical Metallurgy, Metalforming and Nanotechnology, University of Miskolc, Egyetemváros C/1, Miskolc, H-3515, Hungary.
András VolomDr. Volom Aesthetic Dentistry, Bokor u. 17-21, Budapest, H-1037, Hungary.
Gábor BraunitzerdicomLAB Dental Ltd, Szent-Györgyi Albert utca 2, Szeged, H-6726, Hungary.
David S AllemanAlleman Center of Biomimetic Dentistry, 3651 N 100 East Street, Suite 200, Provo, UT, 84604, USA.
Balázs VarbaiDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3, Budapest, H-1111, Hungary.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Tooth degradation develops easily over time from initial caries to deeper cavities. The quality and durability of restorations are crucial in a patients' life, and it is primarily determined by the mechanical properties of the restorations. Clinicians and engineers apply biomimetic science in dentistry to mimic the natural design of the teeth and emphasize careful material selection as well as bond strength between the tissue and artificial material. The aim of this research was to develop and compare five different bulk filling restoration techniques for high C-factor (5.0) Class I cavities and determine the most durable technique. Tensile bond strength between the dentin and the filling, as well as the inner structure of the filling was measured via computed tomography, scanning electron microscopy and mechanical testing methods. It was found that the semi-direct bulk filling technique (bulk filling with an extra, indirect curing step) can increase the tensile bond strength on average by 58% (51.1 ± 12.2 MPa) compared to the direct bulk filling method with the same materials (32.4 ± 8.2 MPa). The introduced semi-direct technique allows bulk filling to be used on Class I cavities while achieving a high bond strength, resulting in highly durable and reproducible restorations.

Indexed as

Composite ResinsDental Restoration, PermanentTensile StrengthBiomimetic MaterialsBiomimeticsDental CariesDental MaterialsDentinHumansMaterials TestingMicroscopy, Electron, ScanningComposite ResinsDental MaterialsBiomimeticsClass I cavityComposite dental fillingFracture analysisMicrotensile bond strength testX-ray computed tomography analysis

Identifiers

PMID39757243
PMCPMC11701090

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.