ArticleBMC medical education2025
Chemical, biological and nerve gas attacks: need for education among healthcare personnel and medical students; a Swedish regional cross-sectional web-survey.
Article in BMC medical education, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundChemical, biological and nerve gas events have a significant impact on public health, necessitating proper education and training. This study investigated the educational needs as perceived by two groups, frontline healthcare workers and medical students, in relation to chemical, biological, and nerve gas events.
methodsThree distinct web-based cross-sectional surveys were conducted, one each for chemical, biological, and nerve gas events, with each survey following the same structural format including sections on (a) theoretical knowledge assessment, using multiple-choice questions regarding identification, protection, and treatment, (b) perception of threat, using questions based on a 5-point Likert scale to gauge views on threat/preparedness and (c) perception of existing competency, with questions regarding prior education and the need for additional education and training.
resultsThe surveys on chemical, biological, and nerve agents received responses from 44, 36, and 59 participants respectively, comprising both frontline healthcare workers and medical students. The total response rate was approximately 16%. In the theoretical knowledge section of each survey, neither group of participants reached 51% correct answer rate in any of the three surveys. In the section on perception of threat, the percentages of responses in the low half of the Likert Scale were 43.2%, 53.0%, and 96.4% for biological, chemical, and nerve gas surveys, respectively. For the same surveys, 56.8%, 78.7%, and 87.6% of responses were in the middle of the Likert Scale. Regarding perception of competency, 146.2%, 143.1%, and 170.4% of combined responses indicated low existing competency for biological, chemical, and nerve gas surveys, respectively. High and middle ratings for competency were low across all surveys. The perception of need for education were high in the high half and low in the low half of the Likert Scale. The were no statistically significant differences across the sections among the study groups.
conclusionsThe results indicate a widespread tendency to downplay the presence of significant threat and a perception of low existing competency. There is a broad agreement on the need or education and training in managing events of chemical, biological, and nerve gas agents, for frontline healthcare personnel as well as medical students in Sweden.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.