ArticleJournal of nanobiotechnology2025
A cryo-shocked M2 macrophages based treatment strategy promoting repair of spinal cord injury via immunomodulation and axonal regeneration effects.
Article in Journal of nanobiotechnology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Sodium Alginate Hydrogel with Zinc Ion Nanoparticles for Synergistic Neuroprotection and Functional Recovery in Spinal Cord Injury.Marine drugs · 2026Article
- Research Progress on Spinal Cord Repair Based on Regulation of the Neuroregenerative Microenvironment.Cellular and molecular neurobiology · 2026Review
- Two axolotl-adapted cell-ablation platforms reveal macrophage-dependent processes essential for spinal-cord and skeletal regeneration.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Nanomaterial strategies for mitigating protein misfolding and neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative diseases.Zoological research · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
14 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Recovery from spinal cord injury (SCI) is often impeded by neuroinflammation, scar formation, and limited axonal regeneration. To tackle these issues, we developed an innovative biomimetic drug delivery system using liquid nitrogen-treated M2 macrophages (LNT M2) which internalized paclitaxel (PTX) nanoparticles beforehand. These were incorporated into a gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) scaffold, creating a multifunctional, injectable treatment for single-dose administration. The LNT M2 inherited the inflammatory factor/chemokine receptors from the living M2 macrophages and thus possessing significant inflammatory neutralizing effect. In addition, the scaffold provides slow, sustained release of PTX, promoting axonal regeneration and suppressing scar formation in SCI rats. The LNT M2-based dual-functional scaffold significantly enhances motor function, reduces neuroinflammation, and accelerates axonal regeneration by modulating the inflammatory microenvironment and preventing the formation of glial and fibrotic scars. This approach combines the regenerative effects of low-dose PTX with the immunoregulatory properties of LNT M2, leading to remarkable neurological recovery in SCI rats. Moreover, the scaffold's straightforward preparation, ease of standardization, and "ready-to-use" nature make it a promising candidate for acute SCI intervention and future clinical applications.
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Registered trials
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