ArticleNicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco2026
Retail Availability of Oral Nicotine Pouches in Three US Cities: A Geographic Analysis.
Article in Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Development and implementation of a rapid surveillance system for tobacco product retail availability in six U.S. sites.Preventive medicine reports · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
introductionSales of oral nicotine pouches (ONPs), including brands such as Zyn, on!, Velo, and Rogue, have risen precipitously in the United States. One potential driver of ONP use may be exposure to the products and their marketing in local tobacco retailers. This study examines the prevalence and correlates of ONP availability in a large, representative sample of tobacco retailers in three major US cities. AIMS AND
methodsIn 2023, research staff visited a stratified, random sample of 20% of licensed tobacco retailers in San Francisco, New York City, and Philadelphia (n = 1402) and documented the availability of ONPs. Binomial generalized linear mixed models estimated adjusted odds of ONP availability by city, store type, and district sociodemographic characteristics.
resultsONPs were available in 28.7% of retailers and were most prevalent in chain convenience stores (60.5%), followed by smoke/vape shops (53.3%, p < .0001). After adjusting for city and store type, the odds of a retailer carrying ONPs were higher in districts with a greater proportion of non-Hispanic White residents (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 2.33 [1.10, 4.94]), a higher median household income (aOR: 2.04 [1.23, 3.38]), and a lower proportion of youth residents (aOR: 0.25 [0.15, 0.43]).
conclusionsONP availability was greater in retailers located in predominantly White and higher-income neighborhoods and those with fewer youth. As researchers continue to evaluate the risks of ONPs as well as their potential as a tobacco harm reduction strategy, attention to variations in retail access and population patterns of use will be critical to determine impacts on health equity. IMPLICATIONS: Sales of oral ONPs have increased precipitously in the United States, but little is known about patterns of retail access in neighborhoods, which may influence consumer use behaviors. This study found that over one in four tobacco retailers carried ONPs, but availability was greater in largely White and high-income neighborhoods and those with fewer youth. As researchers continue to evaluate ONP risks and potential benefits, this study provides insight into the role that retail access may play in shaping population patterns of use and subsequent impacts on health equity.
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