Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39755895›Full record

ArticleNeurology and therapy2025

Administration and Monitoring Burden of High-Efficacy Disease-Modifying Therapies for Multiple Sclerosis: A Delphi Consensus of Clinical Experts from Saudi Arabia.

Seraj Makkawi, Ahmad Abulaban, Yaser Al Malik, Ebtesam Alshehri, Ahmed Althobaiti, Salman Aljarallah, Ahmed Elboghdady, Lynn AlHajjar, Sahar Shami, Saeed Bohlega and 1 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Neurology and therapy, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Seraj MakkawiCollege of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Ahmad AbulabanCollege of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Yaser Al MalikCollege of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Ebtesam AlshehriKing Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Ahmed AlthobaitiCollege of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Salman AljarallahCollege of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0138-7924
Ahmed ElboghdadyMerck Serono Middle East FZ LTD (an Affiliate of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Lynn AlHajjarItkan Health Consulting Group, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Sahar ShamiItkan Health Consulting Group, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Saeed BohlegaKing Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Mohammed AljumahInterHealth Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. jumahm@gmail.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9820-9579

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionThe emergence of high-efficacy disease-modifying therapies (HE DMT) for multiple sclerosis (MS) may pose challenges to the administration and monitoring burden of the therapies. This article presents the results of the Delphi consensus method to generate insights from experts on the administration and monitoring burden of HE DMT in Saudi Arabia with a special focus on cladribine.

methodsBetween January and March 2023, a two-round modified Delphi method was used to establish consensus regarding the administration and monitoring burden of HE DMTs used for MS. Through a questionnaire, the advisors evaluated 17 properties of six individual HE DMTs on the basis of their clinical experience. Advisors were required to rank each property on a scale of 1-5, with 1 being the lowest burden and 5 being the highest burden.

resultsExperts ranked cladribine as having the lowest monitoring burden, followed by ofatumumab and ocrelizumab. Natalizumab and fingolimod were ranked fourth, and alemtuzumab had the highest burden. During the first round, experts agreed on the scores of the administration burden properties, except for hospital visit time and facility use during administration for ofatumumab, route of administration for fingolimod, monitoring of specific side effects and frequency of lab tests at follow-up, and the washout period for natalizumab. During the second round, there was agreement on all properties.

conclusionIn the absence of alternative scientific data, recommendations from experts and their consensus provide useful insights into the administration and monitoring burden of HE DMTs used for MS in Saudi Arabia.

Indexed as

AdministrationBurdenDisease-modifying therapyHigh efficacyMonitoringMultiple sclerosisSaudi Arabia

Identifiers

PMID39755895
PMCPMC11762031

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.