ArticleAMB Express2025
Antimicrobial activity of Monascus purpureus-derived red pigments against Salmonella typhimurium, Escherichia coli, and Enterococcus faecalis.
Article in AMB Express, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Extracellular Yellow Pigments Produced byMicroorganisms · 2026Article
- Bioactivity and textile dyeing potential of pigments produced by Arcopilus cupreus T8.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Microencapsulation of Monascus Red Pigment Using Saccharomyces cerevisiae Ghosts: Process Optimization and Characterization.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2026Article
- Bioconversion of Mushroom Chitin-Rich Waste into Valuable Chitin Oligosaccharides Using a Combined Approach of Biocatalysis and Precision Fermentation.Journal of agricultural and food chemistry · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The rise of antimicrobial-resistant microorganisms (AMR) poses a significant global challenge to human health and economic stability. In response, various scientific communities are seeking safe alternatives to antibiotics. This study comprehensively investigates the antibacterial effects of red dye derived from Monascus purpureus against three bacterial pathogens: Salmonella typhimurium ATCC14028, Escherichia coli ATCC8739, and Enterococcus faecalis ATCC25923. The dye was extracted from the Monascus purpureus ATCC16436 strain, using 1 mg of red dye in 1 ml of DMSO to achieve a concentration of 1000 µg/ml. The chemical profile of the red dye extract was analyzed using GC-MS analysis, confirming the presence of several bioactive antimicrobial compounds, including aspidospermidin-17-ol, 1-acetyl-16-methoxy, octanoic acid, and hexadecanoic acid methyl ester. The extract was tested against the bacterial strains at varying concentrations to determine the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC). The results demonstrated significant antibacterial activity, with the highest MIC and MBC values of 6.25/12.5 µg/ml against S. typhimurium. The antibacterial activity of the red dye was compared to five conventional antibiotics using the disc diffusion method, revealing superior effectiveness, particularly against S. typhimurium, with an inhibition zone measuring 20 ± 0.22 mm. Scanning electron microscopy was employed to explore the mechanism of action of the red dye extract, highlighting its impact on bacterial plasma membrane permeability and its interference with cellular energy production. These findings suggest that the Monascus purpureus-derived red dye extract represents a promising natural alternative to conventional antibiotics, demonstrating potent antibacterial activity and potential as a novel therapeutic agent in combating antimicrobial resistance.
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