Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39755711›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2025

Oncolytic alphavirus-induced extracellular vesicles counteract the immunosuppressive effect of melanoma-derived extracellular vesicles.

Darshak K Bhatt, Annemarie Boerma, Silvina Odete Bustos, Andréia Hanada Otake, Alexis Germán Murillo Carrasco, Patrícia Pintor Reis, Roger Chammas, Toos Daemen, Luciana Nogueira de Sousa Andrade

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Review
  3. Review
  4. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Darshak K BhattDepartment of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, 9713 AV, The Netherlands.
Annemarie BoermaDepartment of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, 9713 AV, The Netherlands.
Silvina Odete BustosCenter for Translational Research in Oncology (LIM/24), Instituto do Cancer do Estado de Sao Paulo, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, CEP 01246-000, Brazil.
Andréia Hanada OtakeCenter for Translational Research in Oncology (LIM/24), Instituto do Cancer do Estado de Sao Paulo, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, CEP 01246-000, Brazil.
Alexis Germán Murillo CarrascoCenter for Translational Research in Oncology (LIM/24), Instituto do Cancer do Estado de Sao Paulo, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, CEP 01246-000, Brazil.
Patrícia Pintor ReisDepartment of Surgery and Orthopedics and Experimental Research Unity (UNIPEX), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, 18618-687, Brazil.
Roger ChammasCenter for Translational Research in Oncology (LIM/24), Instituto do Cancer do Estado de Sao Paulo, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, CEP 01246-000, Brazil. rchammas@usp.br.
Toos DaemenDepartment of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, 9713 AV, The Netherlands.
Luciana Nogueira de Sousa AndradeCenter for Translational Research in Oncology (LIM/24), Instituto do Cancer do Estado de Sao Paulo, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, CEP 01246-000, Brazil. luciana.nsandrade@hc.fm.usp.br.

Funding

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo 2020/09176-8
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Extracellular vesicles (EVs)-mediated communication by cancer cells contributes towards the pro-tumoral reprogramming of the tumor microenvironment. Viral infection has been observed to alter the biogenesis and cargo of EVs secreted from host cells in the context of infectious biology. However, the impact of oncolytic viruses on the cargo and function of EVs released by cancer cells remains unknown. Here we show that upon oncolytic virotherapy with Semliki Forest virus-based replicon particles (rSFV), metastatic melanoma cells release EVs with a distinct biochemical profile and do not lead to suppression of immune cells. Specifically, we demonstrate that viral infection causes a differential loading of regulatory microRNAs (miRNAs) in EVs in addition to changes in their physical features. EVs derived from cancer cells potentially suppress splenocyte proliferation and induce regulatory macrophages. In contrast, EVs obtained from rSFV-infected cells did not exhibit such effects. Our results thus show that rSFV infection induces changes in the immunomodulatory properties of melanoma EVs, which may contribute to enhancing the therapeutic efficacy of virotherapy. Finally, our results show that the use of an oncolytic virus capable of a single-round of infection allows the analysis of EVs secreted from infected cells while preventing interference from extracellular virus particles.

Indexed as

Extracellular VesiclesMelanomaOncolytic VirotherapyOncolytic VirusesAlphavirusAnimalsCell Line, TumorCell ProliferationHumansMiceMicroRNAsSemliki forest virusTumor MicroenvironmentMicroRNAsExtracellular vesiclesImmunomodulatoryMelanomaOncolytic virus

Identifiers

PMID39755711
PMCPMC11700145

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.