Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39755561›Full record

ArticleBMJ open diabetes research & care2025

Serological markers of exocrine pancreatic function are differentially informative for distinguishing individuals progressing to type 1 diabetes.

MacKenzie D Williams, Catherine Ramsey Grace, Amanda L Posgai, Kieran M McGrail, Maigan A Brusko, Michael J Haller, Laura Jacobsen, Desmond Schatz, Todd M Brusko, Mark Atkinson and 2 more

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in BMJ open diabetes research & care, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

MacKenzie D WilliamsDepartment of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3473-2747
Catherine Ramsey GraceDepartment of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
Amanda L PosgaiDepartment of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
Kieran M McGrailDepartment of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
Maigan A BruskoDepartment of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
Michael J HallerDepartment of Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2803-1824
Laura JacobsenDepartment of Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5144-7836
Desmond SchatzDepartment of Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
Todd M BruskoDepartment of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
Mark AtkinsonDepartment of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
Rhonda BacherDepartment of Biostatistics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
Clive H WasserfallDepartment of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA wasserfa@pathology.ufl.edu.

Funding

Project 3P01AI042288 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA · PI Todd Michael Brusko · 1997 to 2026
$32.9M
Resolving single-cell analysis challenges via data-driven decision frameworks and novel statistical methodsR35GM146895 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA · PI Rhonda Bacher · 2022 to 2026
$1.9M
NIAID NIH HHS P01 AI042288NIGMS NIH HHS R35 GM146895
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionAltered serum levels of growth hormones, adipokines, and exocrine pancreas enzymes have been individually linked with type 1 diabetes (T1D). We collectively evaluated seven such biomarkers, combined with islet autoantibodies (AAb) and genetic risk score (GRS2), for their utility in predicting AAb/T1D status. RESEARCH DESIGN AND

methodsCross-sectional serum samples (n=154 T1D, n=56 1AAb+, n=77 ≥2AAb+, n=256 AAb-) were assessed for IGF1, IGF2, adiponectin, leptin, amylase, lipase, and trypsinogen (n=543, age range 2.7-30.0 years) using random forest modeling.

resultsGRS2, age, lipase, trypsinogen, and AAb against ZnT8, GAD65, and insulin were the most informative markers. Notably, these variables were differentially informative according to AAb/T1D status. Higher GRS2 (p<0.001) and lower lipase levels (p=0.002) favored ≥2AAb+ versus AAb- classification. AAb against ZnT8 (p<0.01), GAD65 (p=0.021), or insulin (p=0.01) each independently favored ≥2AAb+ versus 1AAb+ classification. Reduced trypsinogen (p<0.001) and increased lipase levels (p<0.001) favored recent-onset T1D versus ≥2AAb+ classification.

conclusionsAmong the serological markers tested, lipase and trypsinogen levels were the most informative for differentiating among clinical groups, with the utility of each enzyme varying according to GRS2 and AAb/T1D status. These data support exocrine pancreas enzymes as candidates for longitudinal follow-up.

Indexed as

AutoantibodiesBiomarkersDiabetes Mellitus, Type 1Pancreas, ExocrineAdolescentAdultChildChild, PreschoolCross-Sectional StudiesDisease ProgressionFemaleFollow-Up StudiesHumansIslets of LangerhansLipaseMaleAutoantibodiesBiomarkersLipaseAutoantibodiesDiabetes Mellitus, Type 1EnzymesModels, Statistical

Identifiers

PMID39755561
PMCPMC11749058

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.