Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39754631›Full record

ReviewCurrent pain and headache reports2025

Efficacy, Indications, and Safety of Intrathecal Baclofen Pump: A Narrative Review.

Alan D Kaye, Se Yun Cheon, Morgan H Roque, Caroline Gibbs, Karlee R Mott, Alex M Wandler, Syeda T Munir, Junyu Lin, Shahab Ahmadzadeh, Harish Siddaiah and 3 more

Abstract readReview
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Current pain and headache reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
8citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

8 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne · 2025
    Article
  6. Review
  7. Caring for patients with intrathecal baclofen pumps.CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne · 2025
    Article
  8. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Alan D KayeDepartments of Anesthesiology and Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Neurosciences, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, 71103, USA.
Se Yun CheonTulane School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.
Morgan H RoqueSchool of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center at Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, 71103, USA.
Caroline GibbsSchool of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center at Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, 71103, USA.
Karlee R MottNew Orleans School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA.
Alex M WandlerLouisiana State University Health Sciences Center at New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, USA.
Syeda T MunirTulane University School of Medicine, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
Junyu LinLSUHSC, Shreveport, USA.
Shahab AhmadzadehDepartment of Anesthesiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, 71103, USA.
Harish SiddaiahDepartment of Anesthesiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, 71103, USA.
Sarah H MyersDepartment of Anesthesiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, 71103, USA.
Kristin Nicole BembenickDepartment of Anesthesiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, 71103, USA.
Sahar ShekoohiDepartment of Anesthesiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, 71103, USA. sahar.shekoohi@lsuhs.edu.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purpose of reviewBaclofen, a muscle relaxant that reduces the release of excitatory neurotransmitters in the pre-synaptic neurons stimulating inhibitory neuronal signals in post-synaptic neurons, has been around for over 5 decades. Baclofen is used primarily for spasticity and since 1982, has had a role as an intrathecal agent. In the present investigation, we review research trends and updates on safety and efficacy of intrathecal baclofen (ITB) pumps. RECENT

findingsEvaluation of safety and efficacy of ITB pumps in spasticity and relevant conditions was evaluated in the present investigation. PubMed and ClinicalTrials.gov were used to review appropriate related literature. Commonly reported aspects regarding ITB efficacy include comparison with alternative treatments, maintenance efficacy, and long-term outcomes. Safety considerations and risk factors associated with ITB include postoperative complications, withdrawal symptoms, tolerance issues, long-term management, and contraindications. In summary, the present investigation reveals that ITB is efficacious for muscle spasticity; however, efforts should be made to enhance safety and efficacy by providing improved best practice guidelines on maximum safe dose with the least amount of risk with individualized treatments.

Indexed as

BaclofenInfusion Pumps, ImplantableInjections, SpinalMuscle Relaxants, CentralMuscle SpasticityHumansTreatment OutcomeBaclofenMuscle Relaxants, CentralBaclofen/adverse effectsCerebral palsyIntrathecal baclofenNeuromodulationPain managementRehabilitationSpasticitySpastic pain

Identifiers

PMID39754631

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.