Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39754357›Full record

ReviewMolecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy2025

Emerging combined CAR-NK cell therapies in cancer treatment: Finding a dancing partner.

Hamed Hosseinalizadeh, Li-Shu Wang, Hamed Mirzaei, Zohreh Amoozgar, Lei Tian, Jianhua Yu

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
28citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

28 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
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  9. Innate immune cells in chimeric antigen receptor therapy.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2026
    Review
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  11. Review
  12. Review
  13. Review
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  18. Precision sniper for solid tumors: CAR-NK cell therapy.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2025
    Review
  19. Review
  20. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Hamed HosseinalizadehDepartment of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Paramedicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
Li-Shu WangDepartment of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
Hamed MirzaeiResearch Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
Zohreh AmoozgarEdwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Lei TianDivision of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA. Electronic address: leit15@uci.edu.
Jianhua YuDivision of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA. Electronic address: jianhuay@uci.edu.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

In recent decades, immunotherapy with chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) has revolutionized cancer treatment and given hope where other cancer therapies have failed. CAR-natural killer (NK) cells are NK cells that have been engineered ex vivo with a CAR on the cell membrane with high specificity for specific target antigens of tumor cells. The impressive results of several studies suggest that CAR-NK cell therapy has significant potential and successful performance in cancer treatment. Despite its effectiveness, CAR-NK cell therapy can have significant challenges when it comes to treating cancer. These challenges include tumor heterogeneity, antigen escape, an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, limited tissue migration from blood, exhaustion of CAR-NK cells, and inhibition by immunosuppressive checkpoint molecule signaling, etc. In CAR-T cell therapy, the use of combined approaches has shown encouraging outcomes for tumor regression and improved cancer treatment compared to single therapies. Therefore, to overcome these significant challenges in CAR-NK cells, innovative combination therapies of CAR-NK cells with other conventional therapies (e.g., chemotherapy and radiotherapy) or other immunotherapies are needed to counteract the above challenges and thereby increase the activity of CAR-NK cells. This review comprehensively discusses various cancer-treatment approaches in combination with CAR-NK cell therapy in the hope of providing valuable insights that may improve cancer treatment in the near future.

Indexed as

Immunotherapy, AdoptiveKiller Cells, NaturalNeoplasmsReceptors, Chimeric AntigenAnimalsCombined Modality TherapyHumansTumor MicroenvironmentReceptors, Chimeric AntigencancerCAR-NK cell therapychimeric antigen receptorcombination therapyimmunotherapynatural killer cellstargeted therapy

Identifiers

PMID39754357
PMCPMC12172187

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.